MycoTOX Profile (Mold Exposure)

Urine

Performed by: Mosaic Diagnostics

Biomarkers included in this panel:

Aflatoxin-M1

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the main metabolite of aflatoxin B1, which is a mycotoxin produced by the mold species Aspergillus. Aflatoxins are some of the most carcinogenic substances in the environment. Aflatoxin susceptibility is dependent on multiple d

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Chaetoglobosin A

Chaetoglobosin A (CHA) is produced by the mold Chaetomium globosum (CG).

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Citrinin (Dihydrocitrinone DHC)

Dihydrocitrinone (DHC) is a metabolite of Citrinin (CTN), which is a mycotoxin that is produced by the mold genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus.

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Enniatin B

Enniatin B is a fungal metabolite categorized as cyclohexa depsipeptides toxin produced by the fungus Fusarium. This strain of fungus is one of the most common cereal contaminants.

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Gliotoxin

Gliotoxin (GTX) is produced by the mold genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus spreads in the environment by releasing conidia which are capable of infiltrating the small alveolar airways of individuals.

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Gliotoxin (GTX)

Gliotoxin (GTX) is produced by the mold genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus spreads in the environment by releasing conidia which are capable of infiltrating the small alveolar airways of individuals. In order to evade the body’s defenses Aspergillu

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Mycophenolic Acid

Mycophenolic Acid is an antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral mycotoxin acid. It is produced by the Penicillium fungus.  Mycophenolic Acid is an immunosuppressant which inhibits the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. Mycophenolic Acid e

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Mycophenolic Acid (MPA)

Mycophenolic Acid is an antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral mycotoxin acid. It is produced by the Penicillium fungus.  Mycophenolic Acid is an immunosuppressant which inhibits the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. Mycophenolic Acid e

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Ochratoxin A

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxin. This chemical is produced by molds in the Aspergillus and Penicillium families.

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Roridin E

Roridin E is a macrocyclic trichothecene produced by the mold species Fusarium, Myrothecium, and Stachybotrys (i.e. black mold).  Trichothecenes are frequently found in buildings with water damage but can also be found in contaminated grain.

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Sterigmatocystin

Sterigmatocystin (STG) is a mycotoxin that is closely related to aflatoxin. STG is produced from several species of mold such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Bipolaris. It is considered to be carcinogenic, particularly in the cells of the GI tract a

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Sterigmatocystin (STC)

Verrucarin A

Verrucarin A (VRA) is a macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxin produced from Stachybotrys, Fusarium, and Myrothecium. Trichothecenes are frequently found in buildings with water damage but can also be found in contaminated grain. VRA is a small, amphipa

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Zearalenone

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin that is produced by the mold species Fusarium, and has been shown to be hepatotoxic, haematotoxic, immunotoxic, and genotoxic. ZEA is commonly found in several foods in the US, Europe, Asia, and Africa including wheat

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