Metabolic Analysis Markers (Urine)
The Metabolic Analysis Profile (Urine) measures four critical areas of metabolism: gastrointestinal function and dysbiosis markers, cellular and mitochondrial energy metabolites, neurotransmitter metabolites, and functionally important organic acid metabolites of amino acids.
Show more
Biomarkers included in this panel:
Metabolite of phenylalanine via phenyl pyruvate.
Learn moreProduction of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid begins with the conversion of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA into 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA in the mitochondria by the biotin-dependent enzyme methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase.
Learn more3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a rutin metabolite and an antioxidant.
Learn moreMetabolite of propionic acid, precursor of methylmalonic acid via both biotin and Mg.
Learn more3-Methyl-4-OH-phenylglycol is the breakdown product from norepinephrine, but it may also be produced from epinephrine to a lesser extent.
Learn moreA tyrosine metabolic product of GI bacteria.
Learn more5-OH-indoleacetic Acid is a breakdown product of serotonin that is excreted in the urine. Serotonin is a hormone found at high levels in many body tissues. Serotonin and 5-OH-indoleacetic Acid are produced in excess amounts by carcinoid tumors, and l
Learn morea-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid (from MTBE) is a toxic breakdown product.
Learn morea-Keto-b-Methylvaleric Acid is a B-Complex Vitamin Marker. Vitamins are compounds that your body needs to be healthy. Vitamins are “essential” for proper function, which means that they are not made inside your body and mus
Learn moreAlpha-Ketoadipic acid (or 2-oxoadipate) is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine.
Learn moreAlpha-Ketoglutarate is an organic acid that is important for the proper metabolism of all essential amino acids. It is formed in the Krebs cycle, the energy-producing process that occurs in most body cells.
Learn morea-Ketoisocaproic Acid is a B-Complex Vitamin Marker (Leucine catabolism).
Learn moreAlpha-Ketoisovalerate (together with Alpha-Ketoisocaproate and Alpha-Keto-Beta-methylvalerate) requires Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5 and lipoic acid to be metabolized.
Learn morea-Ketophenylacetic Acid (from Styrene) is a toxic breakdown product.
Learn moreAdipic Acid, together with Suberate and Ethylmalonate are all functional markers for deficiency of carnitine.
Learn moreBreakdown product of hyaluronic acid; also found in certain foods.
Learn moreHydroxymethylglutarate (HMG) is the precursor to Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) production, and when it is elevated it may indicate that the body is trying to increase its production of CoQ10.
Learn moreBenzoic Acid was one of the compounds first found to be elevated in urine from patients with intestinal bacterial overgrowth of various origins.
Learn moreKetone formed from acetyl CoA.
Learn moreCis-Aconitic Acid is involved in both energy production and removal of toxic ammonia.
Learn moreMetabolite of yeast or anaerobic bacteria, including Clostridia.
Learn moreCitric acid, cis-aconitic acid, and isocitric acid are the first three metabolites in the Krebs Citric Acid energy production cycle, which operates in the mitochondria of your cells.
Learn moreProduced when Clostridia acts upon unabsorbed tryptophan, tyrosine or phenylalanine.
Learn moreFormiminoglutamic Acid (FIGlu) is a functional marker of insufficiency of folic acid, another B-vitamin, and is a compound made from the amino acid histidine.
Learn moreGlutaric acid is a breakdown product of lysine and/or tryptophan.
Learn moreMicrobes resident in the large intestine of the human body help to break down complex aromatic compounds in dietary plant matter (polyphenols), freeing up benzoic acid, which enters the bloodstream. The liver can add the amino acid glycine to benzoic
Learn moreHomogentisic acid is a breakdown product of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic Acid (4-HPPA).
Learn moreHomovanillate (aka Homovanillic Acid) is a dopamine metabolite. Homovanillate and Vanilmandelate are breakdown products from neurotransmitters involved in hormone and nerve impulse transmission, called catecholamines.
Learn moreProduced from bacterial degradation of unabsorbed tryptophan.
Learn moreCitric acid, cis-aconitic acid, and isocitric acid are the first three metabolites in the Krebs Citric Acid energy production cycle, which operates in the mitochondria of your cells.
Learn moreIsovalerylglycine is a breakdown product of leucine.
Learn moreKynurenic acid, which is derived from the processing of tryptophan, is converted to quinolinic acid in the presence of B6 or P5P. While kynurenic is calming, quinolinic is an excitotoxin that can over stimulate nerves.
Learn moreKynurenic Acid is product of the metabolism of L-Tryptophan and appears in urine in Vitamin B6 deficiencies. Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein.
Learn moreFormed from pyruvate in anaerobic or oxygen-starved (hypoxic) conditions to allow for ongoing production of ATP.
Learn moreMalic Acid is involved in the citric acid cycle (aka. Krebs cycle). The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that occur in the mitochondrion to generate chemical energy that fuels the metabolism.
Learn moreMethylmalonic acid (MMA) is a substance produced in very small amounts and is necessary for human metabolism and energy production.
Learn moreOrotic Acid is a sensitive marker of your liver’s capacity to convert toxic ammonia to non-toxic urea that you can excrete. That capacity can be increased by additional arginine. Ammonia toxicity can also be reduced by
Learn moreProduced from bacterial degradation of unabsorbed phenylalanine.
Learn morePyroglutamate (or Pyroglutamic acid) is an intermediate in the glutathione metabolism and a marker of glutathione deficiency.
Learn morePyruvic Acid feeds into the citric acid cycle & converts into acetyl CoA. Pyruvate is formed from carbohydrate via glucose or glycogen & secondarily from fats (glycerol) & glycogenic amino acids.
Learn moreQuinolinic acid is a neurotoxic substance produced by our own bodies and a metabolite of tryptophan.
Learn moreSuberic Acid, Adipate, and Ethylmalonate elevations can indicate that you may need additional carnitine and/or vitamin B2 to assist your cells in converting fats into energy efficiently.
Learn moreSuccinate (or succinic acid) is an important metabolite that is involved in several chemical processes in the body.
Learn moreBreakdown product of hyaluronic acid; also found in some foods.
Learn moreVanilmandelic Acid is a breakdown product from neurotransmitters involved in hormone and nerve impulse transmission.
Learn moreYour body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein. Inadequate vitamin B6 is one factor that leads to increased concentrations of kynurenate and xanthurenate in urine.
Learn more