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1003 IgE Inhalant Profile - Serum

1004 lgE Molds Profile - Serum

1005 IgG Spice Profile - Serum

1018 Celiac Profile - Serum

Celiac Profile - Serum (Genova Diagnostics): Understanding Your Results The "1018 Celiac Profile - Serum" by Genova Diagnostics is a comprehensive blood test designed to identify celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. This panel measures critical biomarkers that indicate immune reactions to gluten, helping pinpoint potential celiac disease, gluten intolerance, or related autoimmune issues. What Is Celiac Disease? Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten—found in wheat, barley, and rye—triggers an immune response that damages the small intestine lining. Untreated, it can lead to malabsorption, nutrient deficiencies, and other health complications. What Does the Celiac Profile Measure? The Genova Celiac Profile - Serum assesses: Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) IgA & IgG: Key antibodies produced when gluten triggers an immune response. Elevated levels may suggest celiac disease. Deamidated Gliadin Peptide (DGP) IgA & IgG: Detects sensitivity to gluten peptides, offering additional accuracy in diagnosis.

1019 IgG Food Antibodies - Bloodspot

What is the 1019 IgG Food Antibodies – Bloodspot test? The 1019 IgG Food Antibodies – Bloodspot panel by Genova Diagnostics is a dried blood spot test designed to measure IgG antibody responses to a wide range of commonly consumed foods. It helps identify delayed immune reactions to foods, sometimes referred to as IgG-mediated food sensitivities. Unlike immediate food allergies (IgE-mediated), which can trigger rapid symptoms like hives or anaphylaxis, IgG food reactions may develop hours to days after eating. This delay can make it difficult to connect symptoms to specific foods without testing. The bloodspot collection method allows for convenient at-home sampling using a finger-prick blood sample. What does this panel measure? This panel evaluates IgG antibodies to dozens of foods across key categories, which may include: Dairy products Grains and gluten-containing foods Eggs Nuts and seeds Fish and shellfish Fruits and vegetables Legumes and soy Common additives or yeast Elevated IgG levels to specific foods may indicate increased immune exposure or reactivity to those foods.

2200 GI Effects Comprehensive Profile - Stool

Written By: B. Dame Updated On: January 28, 2025 Comprehensive Guide to Interpreting the GI Effects Profile: Unlock the Secrets of Gut Health The GI Effects Comprehensive Profile (Test Code 2200) is a powerful diagnostic tool designed to uncover the root causes of common gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and support overall health. By analyzing stool biomarkers like fecal calprotectin, this test differentiates between Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and evaluates potential gastrointestinal infections or dysbiosis. Why the GI Effects Comprehensive Profile Matters Genova’s GI Effects Stool Profiles leverage advanced technologies and biomarkers to provide actionable insights into gut health, offering a comprehensive view of: Digestive function Intestinal inflammation The gut microbiome These profiles help healthcare providers develop personalized strategies to manage GI health and address broader health concerns.

240 Food Panel: IgA, IgG, IgG4 (US BioTek)

Food sensitivities are recognized to be correlated with many chronic health conditions, such as IBS, eczema, fatigue, and others - but with proper identification and elimination of offending foods, many experience relief from their symptoms. Food sensitivities are inflammatory responses of the immune system triggered by food allergens. Unlike food allergies, the symptoms of a food sensitivity often occur hours or even days after exposure, making it difficult to pinpoint the specific offending food(s). This delayed reaction is what causes the majority of the 12 million people estimated to suffer from food sensitivities unaware and blame things like aging for their chronic symptoms. Testing for food sensitivities streamlines the process of identifying triggering foods, providing clear evidence and guidance to begin the healing process and start improving symptoms. IgG is an antibody that can activate the pro-inflammatory complement system (complement cascade) associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.

3000 NutrEval FMV - Urine and Blood

NutrEval® Profile Test: Comprehensive Nutritional & Functional Assessment The NutrEval® Profile is an advanced nutritional and functional medicine test designed to uncover the root causes of metabolic dysfunction, nutrient deficiencies, and biochemical imbalances. By evaluating how nutrients are absorbed, metabolized, and utilized at the cellular level, NutrEval provides clinicians and patients with actionable insights to support personalized nutrition, targeted supplementation, and long-term health optimization. Recognized as one of the most comprehensive nutritional assessments available, the NutrEval Profile goes far beyond standard blood tests by integrating functional biomarkers from both blood and urine samples. What Is the NutrEval® Profile? The NutrEval Profile is a systems-based nutritional assessment that analyzes over 125 biomarkers related to energy production, digestion, detoxification, oxidative stress, and nutrient status.

3102 ION (Blood/Urine) Amino Acids 40

Amino Acids 40 Profile - Plasma The ION (Individual Optimal Nutrition) Profile with 40 Amino Acids nutritional analysis can help identify nutrient deficiencies that may be a root cause of complex chronic conditions. The ION with 40 Amino Acids is ideal for establishing a baseline assessment ahead of clinical intervention with nutraceuticals as well as subsequent monitoring as needed. By evaluating 150 key biomarkers and ratios, the ION Profile with 40 Amino Acids evaluates organic acids, fat-soluble vitamins, Coenzyme Q10, homocysteine, oxidative stress markers, nutrient and toxic elements, fatty acids, and amino acids. The ION Profile with 40 Amino Acids provides an expanded amino acid panel for enhanced clinical insight. Results can be used to personalize treatment plans to improve nutritional status, augment other treatments, and increase the resolution of complex chronic conditions.

3200 Metabolomix+ - FMV Urine

Reviewed by HealthMatters Editorial Team · Last updated February 2026 Metabolomix+ Test (Genova Diagnostics): What It Measures, Cost, and How to Interpret Results Key Takeaways Metabolomix+ analyzes 125+ biomarkers including organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and selected genetic variants Collection is done at home using a first-morning urine sample, with optional finger-stick bloodspot and cheek swab add-ons The test is designed to evaluate nutrient status, metabolic function, oxidative stress, and potential toxic exposures Often used when symptoms such as fatigue, brain fog, digestive issues, or mood changes are not explained by standard labs Results may help guide personalized nutrition, supplement, and lifestyle strategies when interpreted with a healthcare provider What is the Metabolomix+ test? The Metabolomix+ test by Genova Diagnostics is a comprehensive nutritional and metabolic assessment that combines organic acid testing, amino acid analysis, and optional fatty acid, mineral, and genetic testing.

3301 Organix Comprehensive Profile - Urine (mmol/mol creatinine)

The Organix Comprehensive Profile is a nutritional test providing insights into organic acids and a view into the body's cellular metabolic processes. Identifying metabolic blocks that can be treated nutritionally allows individual tailoring of interventions that maximize responses and lead to improved outcomes.

ACTH (Cosyntropin) Stimulation Test – Adrenal Function and Cortisol Response

What Is the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (Cosyntropin) Stimulation Test? The Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Stimulation Test—also known as the Cosyntropin Stimulation Test—is a diagnostic blood test used to evaluate how well your adrenal glands are functioning. Specifically, it measures your body’s ability to produce cortisol, a vital hormone that helps regulate blood pressure, blood sugar, metabolism, and your body’s response to stress. Why Is the Cosyntropin Stimulation Test Done? Doctors may order the ACTH stimulation test to: Diagnose adrenal insufficiency (such as Addison’s disease) Evaluate pituitary gland disorders (secondary adrenal insufficiency) Investigate low cortisol levels found on routine lab work Monitor adrenal gland function in people using long-term corticosteroids Assess unexplained symptoms like fatigue, weakness, low blood pressure, or weight loss How the Test Works The test involves measuring your blood cortisol levels at specific times after receiving an injection of Cosyntropin (a synthetic form of ACTH): Baseline: A blood sample is taken to measure your

Acylcarnitine Profile, Plasma

Interpreting an Acylcarnitine Profile: Visit our Acylcarnitine Profile Interpretive Guide here. (hint: open in new tab) An acylcarnitine profile is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate the various forms of carnitine present in the blood. This assessment can provide critical insights into metabolic disorders, particularly those affecting fatty acid oxidation and organic acid metabolism. The interpretation of this profile involves analyzing the concentrations of different acylcarnitines to identify abnormalities that may indicate specific metabolic conditions. Initial Assessment: Free Carnitine and Acylcarnitine Levels The first step in interpreting an acylcarnitine profile is to examine the overall levels of free carnitine and acylcarnitines. Free carnitine levels offer a baseline understanding of carnitine availability in the body. Elevated levels of certain acylcarnitines can suggest a blockade in metabolic pathways, where intermediate products accumulate due to enzyme deficiencies or transport defects.

Adrenal Function Profile (Labrix, Doctor's Data)

This profile provides a comprehensive view of HPA axis/adrenal function and includes 4 cortisol levels collected over the course of the day, plus DHEA. Cortisol levels should be at their highest level 30 minutes after waking up in the morning, decreasing gradually over the course of the day, reaching their lowest point at bedtime. The resulting curve or pattern allows health care providers to pinpoint issues with adrenal gland function. Alterations in this pattern can result in symptoms related to stress, fatigue and insomnia. DHEA levels naturally decline with age, although alterations can be seen as part of the stres response.

Adrenal Stress Profile with Cortisol Awakening Response

The Adrenocortex Stress Profile (ASP) provides an assessment of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis using timed salivary samples of the hormones cortisol and DHEA. Salivary testing is an easy, non-invasive option to measure unbound, biologically active parent hormone levels. Daily hassles, chronic pain, blood sugar dysregulation, work stressors, and poor relationship quality can alter the HPA axis. Imbalances in adrenal hormones can have a wide range of negative consequences that can adversely impact overall quality of life. The symptoms of HPA axis dysfunction can be vague and are highly variable but may include: fatigue, insomnia, weight gain, depression, GI complaints, and chronic pain. HPA axis dysfunction is associated with many conditions including: - hypertension - cardiovascular disease - gastrointestinal and immune dysregulation - diabetes and metabolic syndrome - depression - chronic fatigue - persistent pain - neurodegenerative disease and cognitive decline

Adult Gut Health Test

The Adult Gut Health Test provides detailed insights into the balance of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in your microbiome, including their relative abundances. With advanced shotgun metagenomics technology, this test delivers strain-level precision and offers valuable information about the functional capacity of your gut, from digestion efficiency to potential signs of inflammation. Designed specifically for adults, this test helps you better understand your gut health and its impact on overall well-being.

Advanced Dried Urine Hormone Profile

Advanced Dried Urine Hormone Profile The Advanced Dried Urine Hormone Profile provides a comprehensive evaluation of key hormone levels and their metabolites, offering deeper insights into hormonal balance and function. This test assesses a range of sex hormones, adrenal hormones, and their metabolites, helping to identify imbalances that may contribute to various symptoms and health conditions. Hormone fluctuations are a natural part of life, especially in women, where levels shift throughout the menstrual cycle and different life stages. However, disruptions in this balance can lead to issues such as PMS, menopause, infertility, and complex conditions like PCOS and endometriosis. By analyzing dried urine samples, this test delivers a detailed view of hormone metabolism, guiding targeted treatment strategies for hormonal health.

Advanced Intestinal Barrier Assessment (Plasma)

Precision Point Diagnostics: Advanced IBA Profile for Intestinal Barrier Assessment The Advanced Intestinal Barrier Assessment (IBA) profile from Precision Point Diagnostics offers an in-depth evaluation of intestinal barrier function. By utilizing a collection of innovative biomarkers, this test helps clinicians determine if their patients are experiencing intestinal permeability, commonly known as "leaky gut." Intestinal permeability is often linked to autoimmune diseases, systemic inflammation, and food sensitivities. Addressing gut barrier health is critical for resolving chronic diseases—without proper gut healing, other treatments may have limited effectiveness. Key Biomarkers in the Advanced IBA Profile The Advanced IBA profile features unique and clinically relevant markers that provide a comprehensive view of gut barrier health: Histamine & Diamine Oxidase (DAO): These markers offer insights into histamine regulation and the health of the gut mucosa.

Alk Phos Isoenzyme

The Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes test offered by Labcorp is a diagnostic assay used to measure and differentiate the sources of elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the blood. This test is essential for identifying whether the elevation is due to liver, bone, or intestinal conditions. Test Overview Methodology: Electrophoresis Specimen Required: Serum (1.6 mL; minimum 0.8 mL) Collection Container: Red-top or gel-barrier tube Stability: Room temperature: 7 days Refrigerated: 7 days Frozen: 3 months Turnaround Time: 3–5 days Patient Preparation: Fasting overnight is recommended, as eating, especially a fatty meal, may elevate intestinal ALP levels.

Allergen Panel

An allergy panel is a comprehensive test designed to detect hypersensitivity to a variety of allergens, including environmental and pet-related factors. This panel often encompasses specific IgE (Immunoglobulin E) tests for common triggers such as dust mites, which are microscopic organisms that thrive in household dust, and elm tree pollen, a seasonal allergen prevalent in many regions. Mugwort weed IgE testing is also included to identify reactions to this common herb that can provoke symptoms in sensitive individuals. Additionally, the panel tests for cockroach IgE, due to the allergenic potential of cockroach droppings, and cat dander IgE, recognizing that proteins found in the skin flakes, saliva, and urine of cats can lead to allergic reactions. By covering these and many more markers, an allergy panel offers a detailed overview of an individual's allergic sensitivities, enabling tailored management strategies to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

Allergen Profile, Mold

Allergen Profile, Mold Test for Mold-Related Allergies and Chronic Symptoms The Allergen Profile, Mold test detects potential allergic responses to common environmental molds and helps evaluate conditions such as hay fever, asthma, atopic eczema, and other respiratory allergies. Mold allergens can trigger immune responses ranging from mild irritation to debilitating chronic illness. If you've experienced water damage or mold exposure in places like your home, workplace, or school—and you're dealing with multiple unexplained symptoms—it may be time to consider testing and speak with a mold-literate or environmentally trained physician. Common Symptoms of Mold-Related Illness Mold exposure can affect nearly every system in the body.

Allergens w/ Total IgE Area 2

Detect possible allergic responses to various substances in the environment and evaluate for hay fever, asthma, atopic eczema, and respiratory allergy. The quantitative allergen-specific IgE test is indicated (1) to determine whether an individual has elevated allergen-specific IgE antibodies; (2) if specific allergic sensitivity is needed to allow immunotherapy to be initiated; (3) when testing individuals for agents that may potentially cause anaphylaxis; (4) when evaluating individuals who are taking medication (eg, long-acting antihistamines) that may interfere with other testing modalities (eg, skin testing); (5) if immunotherapy or other therapeutic measures based on skin testing results have not led to a satisfactory remission of symptoms; (6) when an individual is unresponsive to medical management where identification of offending allergens may be beneficial.

Allergy Mold Panel, Complete

Detect possible allergic responses to various substances in the environment and evaluate for hay fever, asthma, atopic eczema, and respiratory allergy. The quantitative allergen-specific IgE test is indicated: (1) to determine whether an individual has elevated allergen-specific IgE antibodies; (2) if specific allergic sensitivity is needed to allow immunotherapy to be initiated; (3) when testing individuals for agents that may potentially cause anaphylaxis; (4) when evaluating individuals who are taking medication (eg, long-acting antihistamines) that may interfere with other testing modalities (eg, skin testing); (5) if immunotherapy or other therapeutic measures based on skin testing results have not led to a satisfactory remission of symptoms; (6) when an individual is unresponsive to medical management where identification of offending allergens may be beneficial.

Alzheimer's LINX™ - Alzheimer's-Associated Immune Reactivity

What Is Alzheimer's-Associated Immune Reactivity? Alzheimer's-Associated Immune Reactivity refers to a group of biomarkers that evaluate whether the immune system is producing antibodies against brain proteins, infections, environmental chemicals, and other substances that have been studied in relation to neuroinflammation, cognitive decline, and neurological health. This category is best known through Alzheimer's LINX™, a specialized blood test panel developed by Cyrex Laboratories. The panel measures immune reactivity to dozens of targets associated with brain function, blood-brain barrier integrity, microbial exposures, environmental factors, and dietary proteins. Importantly, a positive result does not diagnose Alzheimer's disease, dementia, or memory loss. Likewise, a normal result does not guarantee protection from future cognitive decline. These biomarkers measure immune responses, not the presence or absence of a neurological disease.

Amino Acid Analysis

Amino Acid analysis is necessary for the diagnosis of a variety of inborn errors of metabolism. These include, but are not limited to: - phenylketonuria - tyrosinemia - citrullinemia - non-ketotic hyperglycinemia - maple syrup urine disease - and homocystinuria. The assay is also key for the continued monitoring of treatment plans for these disorders and useful for assessing nutritional status of patients. Interpretive Information: Elevation of 1 or more amino acids may be diagnostic of an aminoacidopathy. Elevated amino acid levels are also associated with noninherited diseases such as severe liver disease and renal tubular disorders (eg, Fanconi syndrome). Decreased levels of amino acids are associated with malnutrition as seen in the elderly or those with poor protein intake or gastrointestinal disease. Additional laboratory testing is required to diagnose other inherited disorders (ie, lactic acidosis, organic aciduria, and some urea cycle defects). Results should be evaluated in the context of clinical findings and/or additional test results.

Amino Acid Analysis, LC/MS

Amino acid analysis is necessary for the diagnosis of a variety of inborn errors of metabolism. These include, but are not limited to: - phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, citrullinemia, non-ketotic hyperglycinemia, maple syrup urine disease, and homocystinuria. The assay is also key for the continued monitoring of treatment plans for these disorders and useful for assessing nutritional status of patients.

Amino Acid Profile, Qn (Plasma)

Diagnosis and monitoring of inherited aminoacidurias, organic acidurias, and urea cycle defects. May be used as a follow-up confirmatory test to some abnormal newborn screen results. False-negative results can occur, especially when a patient is affected with a mild or intermittent variant of a disorder or when clinical condition or dietary treatment causes secondary changes to the profile. Results of amino acid profiling should be interpreted in the context of clinical presentation, as well as other laboratory tests. Frozen serum may be diagnostic, however, certain amino acids may be falsely elevated or low.

Amino Acid Profile, Qn (Urine)

Amino acids are organic compounds that play an important role in properly digesting food, creating usable energy, maintaining health and functioning normally. This panel can help discover deficiencies in amino acids by testing for amino acids. Urine represents a convenient biofluid for metabolomic studies due to its noninvasive collection and richness in metabolites. Here, amino acids are valuable biomarkers for their ability to reflect imbalances of different biochemical pathways. Amino acid analysis aids in the identification of dietary protein adequacy and amino acid balance, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, forms of protein intolerance, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, renal and hepatic dysfunction, psychiatric abnormalities, susceptibility to inflammatory response and oxidative stress, reduced detoxification capacity and many other inherent and acquired disorders in AA metabolism. Plasma is traditionally used to assess the status of essential AA while urine analysis provides more information regarding AA wasting and aberrant metabolism associated with co-factor insufficiencies.

Amino Acids 40 Profile

This test determines essential amino acid imbalances that affect both physical and mental function

Amino Acids Analysis

Amino acid nutritional testing aids in the identification of the following: - dietary protein adequacy - amino acid balance - gastrointestinal dysfunctions - forms of protein intolerance - vitamin and mineral deficiencies - renal and hepatic dysfunction - psychiatric abnormalities - susceptibility to inflammatory response and oxidative stress - reduced detoxification capacity ... and many other inherent and acquired disorders in amino acid metabolism. Plasma vs. Urine Analysis: Plasma is traditionally used to assess the status of essential amino acids while urine analysis provides more information regarding admino acid wasting and aberrant metabolism associated with co-factor insufficiencies. Plasma amino acid nutritional testing measures what is being transported at the time of sampling. The specimen should be collected after an overnight fast to reduce the influence of dietary protein. Abnormalities are deduced by comparison of measured levels with an established reference range.

Amino Acids test [Great Plains Laboratory / Doctor's Data]

Amino acids are the basic structural units that comprise proteins and are found throughout the body. Many inborn errors of amino acid metabolism that affect amino acid transport or metabolism have been identified, such as phenylketonuria and tyrosinemia. Amino acid disorders can manifest at any age, but most become evident in infancy or early childhood. These disorders result in the accumulation or the deficiency of 1 or more amino acids in biological fluids, which leads to the clinical signs and symptoms of the particular amino acid disorder. The clinical presentation is dependent upon the specific amino acid disorder. In general, affected patients may experience failure to thrive, neurologic symptoms, digestive problems, dermatologic findings, and physical and cognitive delays. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, amino acid disorders can result in intellectual disabilities and possibly death.

Amino Acids; Urine 24-hour (Doctor's Data)

Amino acid analysis is a powerful diagnostic tool that plays a critical role in evaluating the balance and adequacy of dietary proteins, gastrointestinal health, and various metabolic functions. This analysis is crucial for identifying conditions such as protein intolerance, deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, and disorders in liver and kidney functions. It also provides insights into psychiatric conditions, susceptibility to inflammation, oxidative stress, and issues with the body’s detoxification processes. Key Applications of Amino Acid Testing: - Mental Health Disorders: Useful in managing ADD/ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, depression, and anxiety. - Chronic Conditions: Helps monitor cardiovascular diseases, epilepsy, fatigue, hypertension, and rheumatoid arthritis. - Digestive Health: Essential for diagnosing digestive disorders and nutritional deficiencies. - Reproductive Health: Can aid in addressing issues related to infertility and insomnia. - Kidney and Liver Function: Critical for assessing kidney function and potential impairments in amino acid metabolism.

ANA 12 Plus Profile (RDL)

ANA 12 Plus Profile is reflexive and consists of the following: Anti-Nuclear Ab (ANA) If positive, reflexes to following 14 components: - Anti-Cardiolipin Ab (IgG, IgA and IgM Isotypes) - Anti-Centromere Ab - Anti-Chromatin Ab - Anti-dsDNA Ab by Farr - Anti-La (SS-B) Ab - Anti-Ro (SS-A) Ab - Anti-Scl-70 Ab - Anti-Sm - Anti-TPO (Thyroid Microsomal Peroxidase) Ab - Anti-U1 RNP - C3 Complement - C4 Complement - Rheumatoid Factor by Turb - Anti-CCP (Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide) Ab. If ANA is positive, all tests listed are performed. If ANA is negative, an Anti-Ro (SS-A) Ab test is performed to catch the small percentage of ANA false negative results. ANA includes titer and pattern.

ANA Comprehensive Panel

This test helps to detect and helps diagnose certain autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and Sjögren syndrome, among other types. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are a group of autoantibodies produced by a person's immune system when it fails to adequately distinguish between "self" and "nonself." The ANA test detects these autoantibodies in the blood. ANA react with components of the body's own healthy cells and cause signs and symptoms such as tissue and organ inflammation, joint and muscle pain, and fatigue. ANA specifically target substances found in the nucleus of a cell, hence the name "antinuclear." They probably do not damage living cells because they cannot access their nuclei. However, ANA can cause damage to tissue by reacting with nuclear substances when they are released from injured or dying cells. The ANA test is one of the primary tests for helping to diagnose a suspected autoimmune disorder or rule out other conditions with similar signs and symptoms. The ANA test may be positive with several autoimmune disorders.

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia Chaffeensi Antibody Panel

The Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis Antibody Panel is a comprehensive serological test used to diagnose infections caused by these two tick-borne pathogens. Anaplasma phagocytophilum is responsible for anaplasmosis, while Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME). Both diseases can present with similar clinical symptoms, including fever, headache, muscle aches, and in some cases, more severe complications like thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes. The antibody panel typically includes tests for both IgM and IgG antibodies to each pathogen, providing information about recent and past infections. The presence of IgM antibodies suggests a recent or acute infection, while IgG antibodies indicate past exposure or a longer-term response to the infection. This panel is particularly valuable in areas where ticks are prevalent and in patients with a history of tick exposure, as it helps differentiate between these two infections, which, despite their similarities, may require different approaches to treatment.

ANAPLASMOSIS

Anaplasmosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. These bacteria are spread to people by tick bites primarily from the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) and the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus). People with anaplasmosis will often have fever, headache, chills, and muscle aches. Doxycycline is the drug of choice for adults and children of all ages with anaplasmosis.

ANCA Panel

For diagnosis and monitoring inflammatory activity in primary systemic small vessel vasculitides. The anti-PR3-ANCA EIA is useful for confirming positive ANCA results by IFA, particularly with the cANCA pattern. Presence of anti-PR3 antibodies is highly specific for Wegener granulomatous (WG) disease, for which the sensitivity is reported to be 98%. Levels of anti-PR3 are elevated during active phases of disease and lower during remission. Monitoring anti-PR3 levels, therefore, can aid in disease management. The anti-MPO-ANCA EIA is useful for confirming positive ANCA results by IFA, particularly with the P-ANCA pattern. Presence of anti-MPO antibodies is highly specific for idiopathic and vasculitis-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis, classic polyarteritis nodosa, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and polyangiitis overlap syndrome without renal involvement. Levels of anti-MPO are elevated during active phases of disease and lower during remission. Therefore, monitoring anti-MPO levels can aid in disease management.

Androgens and Metabolites (Urine) - DUTCH

The Androgens and Metabolites section of the DUTCH test by Precision Analytical evaluates how your body produces and processes key sex hormones, particularly DHEA, testosterone, and their metabolites. It focuses on three main areas: Total DHEA production Testosterone levels Metabolic pathway preference – whether your body favors 5α (alpha) or 5β (beta) metabolism 1. Total DHEA Production DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) is a precursor hormone produced by the adrenal glands and is essential for making both testosterone and estrogen. To assess total DHEA output, the DUTCH test adds up three primary urinary metabolites: DHEA-S (DHEA sulfate – the storage form of DHEA) Etiocholanolone (a 5β metabolite) Androsterone (a 5α metabolite) Looking at all three together provides a more complete picture of daily DHEA production than measuring a single marker. Example: If total DHEA output is high but DHEA-S is low, it may indicate that inflammation or other factors are blocking the sulfation process (the conversion of DHEA into its storage form, DHEA-S).

Antidiuretic Hormone Profile

ADH is a hormone that is produced in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary, a small gland at the base of the brain. ADH acts on the kidneys to control the amount of water excreted in the urine. ADH blood test is ordered when your provider suspects you have a disorder that affects your ADH level such as: - Buildup of fluids in your body that are causing swelling or puffiness - Excessive amounts of urine - Low sodium (salt) level in your blood - Thirst that is intense or uncontrollable Certain diseases affect the normal release of ADH. The blood level of ADH must be tested to determine the cause of the disease. ADH may be measured as part of a water restriction test to find the cause of a disease.

Antinuclear Ab 9 by Multiplex

The Antinuclear Ab 9 by Multiplex Test includes: Anticentromere B antibodies; anti-dsDNA; antichromatin antibodies; anti-Jo-1; RNP antibodies; antiscleroderma 70 antibodies; Smith antibodies; Sjögren anti-SS-A; Sjögren anti-SS-B This panel is to detect antibodies associated with SLE and mixed connective tissue disease. Anti-Sm is highly specific for SLE. Anti-RNP is found with a variety of rheumatoid diseases. RNP, Sm, SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70, and Jo-1 are extractable nucleoprotein complexes found in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of substrate cells.

Antioxidants / Mitochondrial Function

Antioxidants and mitochondrial function biomarkers help assess how well your body produces energy and protects itself from oxidative stress. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of your cells—responsible for generating ATP, supporting muscle performance, hormone balance, brain function, and healthy aging. Antioxidants such as Coenzyme Q10, glutathione, and vitamins C and E act as cellular defenders, neutralizing free radicals that can contribute to inflammation, fatigue, cardiovascular disease, and chronic illness. Testing in this category can reveal low antioxidant reserves, impaired energy production, increased oxidative damage, nutritional deficiencies, medication effects (including statins), or underlying metabolic or mitochondrial disorders. Identifying imbalances allows for targeted lifestyle, dietary, and clinical interventions—such as improved nutrition, stress reduction, optimized sleep, exercise, or supplementation—before symptoms escalate.

Array 10 - Multiple Food Immune Reactivity Screen

Written By: B. Dame Updated On: January 27, 2025 Comprehensive Guide to IgG Food Sensitivity Testing: A Key Tool for Managing Food-Related Symptoms What is an IgG Food Sensitivity Test? This test is a comprehensive food immune reactivity assessment, evaluating 180 foods in the form they are typically consumed—whether raw, cooked, or both. By measuring Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses to these foods, the test provides actionable insights into potential food sensitivities and immune reactions. How Does IgG Food Sensitivity Affect the Body? Elevated IgG antibody levels can trigger an inflammatory response, which may lead to tissue damage and a range of symptoms. While the antibodies themselves do not cause harm, their role in initiating inflammation can contribute to: Gastrointestinal distress (e.g., bloating, gas, diarrhea) Neurological issues (e.g., headaches, fatigue) Skin problems (e.g., rashes, itching) Respiratory symptoms (e.g., nasal congestion, asthma) It’s important to note that IgG reactivity does not always correlate directly with symptoms.

Array 11 – Chemical Immune Reactivity Screen

Array 11 measures an expanded range of environmental chemical toxins that bind to human tissues versus other laboratory tests that only identify chemical exposure. Clinical Use: - Identify the loss of immune tolerance associated with chemical exposure, which may lead to autoimmune reactivity - Assist in setting guidelines for the avoidance of specific chemicals to reduce the risk of igniting the autoimmune process - Monitor the effectiveness of the clinical management of patients

Array 12 – Pathogen-Associated Immune Reactivity Screen

Array 12 – Pathogen-Associated Immune Reactivity Screen assesses IgG immune reactivity to pathogens that are documented triggers or exacerbators of autoimmunity. Array 12 contains a variety of pathogens including oral pathogens, gastrointestinal pathogens, gastrointestinal parasites, bacterial and stealth pathogens, environmental molds, viral pathogens and tick-borne pathogens. - Tick-borne pathogens are obvious triggers of Lyme disease, however there are additional pathogens that haven’t been in the limelight. - One example is the opportunistic bacterium Acinetobacter, which, due to cross-reactivity with neurological tissues, has been shown to play a role in multiple sclerosis. - Giardia lamblia is well known as a cause of watery diarrhea, but less known for persisting in asymptomatic patients where the pathogen destroys intestinal villa thereby preventing nutrient absorption. Giardia can then cross-react with structural proteins such as tubulin and actin, which then triggers autoimmunity of the joints.

Array 14 - Mucosal Immune Reactivity Screen

Array 14 - Multiple Mucosal Immune Reactivity Screen (Cyrex Laboratories) is a cost-effective, easy, and non-invasive method for measuring mucosal immune reaction to a range of exogenous and endogenous antigens. The production of IgA and IgM antibodies against antigens in saliva may be an early stage in the induction of inflammation and autoimmunity. If the immune reactivity is not addressed and it may result in a breach of the intestinal barrier, followed by a systemic immune reaction. The inflammation of systemic autoantibodies contributes to the progression of autoimmune and neuroautoimmune reactivity. Array 14 was developed based on the immunological occurrence that exposure to an antigen via the mouth and intestinal tract results first in the production of IgA antibodies in secretions. Repeated exposure to the same antigen(s) results in the production of IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in the blood. The biomarkers in Array 14 were selected to give an invaluable picture of both likely antigens which may cause immune reactions and the areas they may effect.

Array 2 - Intestinal Antigenic Permeability Screen

This test measures intestinal permeability to large molecules, which inflame the immune system. Gluten can cause silent inflammation in the gut, which can eventually lead to intestinal permeability, or “leaky gut.” Also, NSAID medications, chronic stress, excess alcohol, proton pump inhibitors and other factors can also contribute to “leaky gut” which allows undigested food particles, bacteria, and other antigens to escape into the bloodstream where they can trigger allergies, sensitivities, and inflammation in various parts of the body. This test helps to determine if leaky gut is present and can be used to monitor complete healing of the gut lining. For an interpretative chart, please visit our blog entry called "Guide to Intestinal antigenic permeability screen (Cyrex Screen 2)".

Array 20 - Blood Brain Barrier Permeability

Array 22 - Irritable Bowel/SIBO Screen

-- Identify the overgrowth of large intestinal bacteria in the small intestine and the release of bacterial cytotoxins -- Evaluate a breach of intestinal barrier by bacterial cytotoxins and their entry into circulation -- Assist in setting guidelines for treatment of irritable bowels/SIBO and reduce risk of igniting the autoimmune process Recommended for Patients Who: -- Have irritable bowels -- Exhibit symptoms of malabsorption, including weight loss, anemia or fatty stools -- Have associated conditions such as fatigue, reflux, skin disorders, obesity or food intolerances

Array 3X - Wheat/Gluten Proteome Reactivity & Autoimmunity Screen

Inclusion of the specific antigens comprising Antibody Array 3, or Comprehensive Gluten Reactivity and Autoimmunity is based on recent medical research studies. Comprehensive quantitative mapping of T-cell epitopes was determined in CD. Results demonstrated that people respond to a heterogeneous array of peptides; some recognized many peptides from single or multiple gliadin families, while others reacted to only one peptide. These results confirmed that a large number of gluten epitopes may be implicated in the development of CD and associated diseases. Indeed, a T-cell line from one Celiac patient failed to recognize any of the 21 tested peptides, which confirmed that a large number of gluten and other wheat protein epitopes are implicated in development of CD and associated disorders. This suggests that other gliadin peptides and proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of Gluten-Reactivity and CD.

Array 4 - Gluten-Associated Cross-Reactive Foods and Foods Sensitivity

Many times, gluten-free foods, which are supposed to be safe, can be offensive to some individuals. This can be due to sensitivity or a phenomenon called Cross-Reactivity. Once a patient is diagnosed as Celiac Disease (CD) or having Gluten Reactivity, he/she is instructed to adhere to a gluten-free diet. Brochures, books and websites help the patient with this seemingly difficult process. However, a significant percentage of these patients will continue to have gluten-like complaints even after being on a gluten-free diet (GFD) for months. Most countries define “gluten-free” products based on the recommendation of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization. This codex alimentarius allows the inclusion of up to 0.3% protein from gluten containing grains in foods labeled “gluten-free.” If the sensitive body is exposed to 0.3% protein, the immune system will recognize and react to the protein.

Array 5 Multiple Autoimmune Reactivity Screen

Predictive Autoantibody Testing: Early Detection of Autoimmune and Tissue Damage This test measures predictive autoantibodies, including some that may appear up to 10 years before clinical symptoms. It provides a cost-effective and efficient evaluation of potential tissue damage across multiple organs, empowering early diagnosis and intervention for autoimmune and related conditions. Clinical Applications: Early Autoimmune Detection: Measures predictive antibodies that can emerge up to a decade before disease onset. Comprehensive Tissue Health Assessment: Efficiently and economically identifies possible damage to multiple organs. Recommended for: Patients With Diagnosed Autoimmune Disorders: These individuals are at a higher risk of developing additional autoimmune conditions. Individuals With Chronic Increased Intestinal Permeability ("Leaky Gut"): A known gateway for environmentally triggered autoimmune diseases.

Arterial Blood Gas Analysis (ABG)

Blood gas analysis allows the assessment of oxygenation, ventilation, acid-base balance and metabolic status. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis is a critical diagnostic test that measures the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. This test is essential for assessing respiratory function and the acid-base balance within the body. By drawing blood from an artery, usually at the wrist where the radial artery is accessible, the ABG analysis provides information on parameters such as pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and oxygen saturation (O2 Sat). The pH indicates the acidity or alkalinity of the blood, with normal levels typically ranging from 7.35 to 7.45. PaO2 and PaCO2 levels assess the effectiveness of the lungs in exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide, while bicarbonate levels help gauge the metabolic component of the acid-base balance.

Autoimmune Brain Panel™ (formerly Cunningham Panel™)

The Autoimmune Brain Panel™—commonly known as the Cunningham Panel™—is a specialized neuro-immune test designed to measure autoantibodies and cell-signaling activity associated with PANS, PANDAS, Sydenham chorea, and other neuropsychiatric conditions linked to immune dysregulation. This panel evaluates whether the immune system is producing antibodies that may mistakenly target neuronal tissue, particularly structures involved in movement, behavior, mood, memory, and executive function. These autoantibodies can influence dopamine signaling and activate intracellular pathways, potentially contributing to sudden-onset symptoms such as OCD, anxiety, tics, mood changes, or cognitive decline. The panel includes five biomarkers: Anti-Dopamine Receptor D1 (DRD1) Anti-Dopamine Receptor D2L (DRD2L) Anti-Lysoganglioside GM1 Anti-Tubulin CaM Kinase II (CaMKII) activation Together, these markers help identify immune-mediated disruption of neuronal signaling, a pattern observed in autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders.

Autoimmune Liver Profile (RDL)

This profile helps differentiate between Autoimmune Hepatitis type 1 and 2.

Autoimmune Neuromuscular Profile

The Autoimmune Neuromuscular Profile offered by LabCorp is a comprehensive diagnostic panel designed to detect autoantibodies associated with various autoimmune neuromuscular disorders and to evaluate the presence of four markers related to autoimmune neuromuscular disorders, the test includes Anti-cN-1A Ab for Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM), Anti-HMGCR Ab, Anti-Jo-1 Ab, and Anti-SRP Ab.

AVISE CTD

Accurate and Early Diagnosis for Lupus and Connective Tissue Disease. Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) can be very hard to diagnose early because symptoms can be vague, inconsistent and/or attributed to other illnesses. AVISE CTD combines AVISE Lupus, a 10-marker diagnostic test designed to help rule-in or rule-out lupus, with an expanded connective tissue disease panel to aid in the differential diagnosis of other connective tissue diseases. When combined with your provider's clinical assessment, AVISE CTD can provide the information necessary to help make the right diagnosis. If you're ready to start dealing with the real cause of your symptoms don't wait. Request your AVISE CTD conversation guide to help you speak to your provider about the AVISE CTD test.

B Cell Panel

A B cell panel, also known as a B-cell screen or B cell subset analysis, is a laboratory test that measures and analyzes B cells (B lymphocytes) in the blood. B cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. They are responsible for producing antibodies that help the body fight infections and diseases. The B cell panel is used to assess the quantity and function of B cells in the blood. It can provide valuable information for diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions, including B-cell leukemia, lymphoma, immunodeficiency disorders, and autoimmune diseases. The test helps healthcare professionals understand how B cells are functioning and whether there are any abnormalities in their numbers or activity. Different B cell panels may focus on specific aspects of B cell function, such as immunophenotyping, which identifies specific markers on B cells to characterize their subtype.

Babesiosis

Babesiosis is a disease you can catch from certain tick bites, caused by tiny parasites that infect your red blood cells. It's a bit like malaria because these parasites also live in red blood cells and can make you feel really sick. People with babesiosis often feel very tired, have fevers, chills, sweats, headaches, body aches, loss of appetite, nausea, or even get a rash. The disease is more common in certain parts of the United States, like the Northeast and upper Midwest, especially during the warmer months when ticks are more active. Most healthy people get better without any special treatment, but it can be more serious for older people, those with weak immune systems, or other health problems. If someone needs treatment, doctors usually give them a mix of antibiotics and medications that are similar to the ones used for malaria. It's important to try to avoid tick bites by using bug spray, wearing long sleeves and pants in wooded or grassy areas, and checking your skin for ticks after being outdoors to help prevent getting babesiosis.

Balance Hormone Profile (Dried Urine)

The Balance profile is Meridian Valley Lab's most popular dried urine profile. It provides a broad and in-depth evaluation of hormone balance, function and circadian cortisol pattern. This panel measures estrogens and clinically relevant estrogen metabolites, which allow for assessment of cancer risk factors and detoxification pathways. Pregnanediol assays progesterone activity in the body. DHEA, testosterone and their metabolites provide a detailed assessment of androgen function. Cortisol, cortisone, and their metabolites, combined with 4-point cortisol and cortisone curves, provide an industry-leading evaluation of adrenal health.

Bartonellosis

Bartonellosis is a group of infectious diseases caused by Bartonella bacteria, a genus of gram-negative organisms that infect both humans and animals. These infections are most commonly transmitted through cat scratches or bites and through insect vectors such as lice, fleas, or sandflies. One of the most common forms is Cat Scratch Disease, which typically develops after a scratch or bite from an infected cat. Symptoms often include swollen lymph nodes, low-grade fever, fatigue, and a small bump or blister at the site of injury. In most healthy individuals, symptoms are mild and temporary. Other forms of bartonellosis include Trench Fever, transmitted by body lice, which causes recurrent fever, headaches, and leg or bone pain, and Carrion’s disease, found mainly in parts of the Andes Mountains, which can lead to severe anemia, high fever, and systemic illness. Most Bartonella infections are self-limiting and resolve without treatment. However, in people with weakened immune systems, Bartonella can cause more serious complications and may require antibiotic therapy.

Bile Acids, Fractionated LCMS

The Bile Acids, Fractionated LC-MS test offered by Labcorp is a specialized diagnostic assay that utilizes liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to measure and profile various bile acids in a patient's biological sample, typically serum or plasma. This test is primarily used to assess liver function, diagnose cholestasis, and monitor metabolic disorders related to bile acid synthesis and transport. Key Features of the Test Advanced Analytical Technique: LC-MS provides high specificity and sensitivity, enabling the detection of both primary and secondary bile acids, as well as conjugated and unconjugated forms. Comprehensive Profiling: The test measures a broad spectrum of bile acids, including but not limited to cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid. Clinical Applications: Evaluation of cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Assessment of inborn errors of bile acid synthesis. Monitoring of patients undergoing bile acid sequestrant therapy.

BiomeFx

Discover BiomeFx: A Comprehensive Gut Microbiome Test by Microbiome Labs BiomeFx by Microbiome Labs is a cutting-edge stool test designed to deliver an in-depth analysis of the gut microbiome, empowering practitioners with actionable insights for improving overall health. This advanced diagnostic tool leverages state-of-the-art DNA sequencing technology to evaluate the balance of beneficial microbes and harmful pathogens, while uncovering their functional roles and potential health impacts. With BiomeFx, practitioners gain access to a unique, data-rich reporting system that reveals key functional aspects of the gut microbiome. The test evaluates 14 essential keystone species, 29+ pathogens, and provides insights into microbial cross-feeding dynamics and over 20 critical microbiome functions. It also identifies dysbiosis ratios and highlights imbalances in microbial metabolite production.

Blood Clotting / Coagulation Tests

What are blood clotting tests? Blood clotting tests, also called coagulation tests, measure how well the body forms blood clots to stop bleeding while preventing dangerous clots inside blood vessels. These tests evaluate clotting time, clotting factor activity, natural anticoagulant proteins, and markers of active clot formation. Common coagulation tests include Prothrombin Time (PT), International Normalized Ratio (INR), Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT/aPTT), D-dimer, fibrinogen, and thrombin time. Doctors use these tests to diagnose bleeding disorders, monitor blood thinner medications, detect blood clots, and evaluate conditions such as liver disease or antiphospholipid syndrome. Key Takeaways Blood clotting (coagulation) is the body's process of stopping bleeding by forming clots, regulated by platelets, clotting factors, and anticoagulant proteins. Coagulation tests measure how long blood takes to clot (PT, PTT, INR), clotting factor levels, and markers of active clotting such as D-dimer or thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT).

Blood Health

The Blood Health category brings together biomarkers that reflect the function and integrity of one of the body’s most vital systems. Blood biomarkers give important insights into oxygen transport, nutrient status, immune activity, inflammation, and clotting ability. Abnormal results may serve as an early warning sign of conditions such as anemia, infections, clotting disorders, autoimmune disease, or chronic illness. Key Areas of Blood Health Testing 1. Oxygen transport and red blood cell health Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Reticulocytes, and Ferritin help detect anemia, iron deficiency, or blood loss. Transferrin, TIBC, and Iron Saturation provide a deeper look at iron metabolism and storage. Specialized hemoglobin markers (Hemoglobin A, Hemoglobin F, Sickle Cell Screen) detect inherited blood disorders such as sickle cell disease or thalassemia. 2. Clotting and platelet function Platelet Count, Plateletcrit, and Immature Platelet Fraction assess clotting capacity and bleeding risk.

Blood Profile

What Is a Blood Profile? Your blood profile includes essential characteristics of your blood that are important for medical care, blood transfusions, and overall health records. Unlike many laboratory biomarkers—such as hemoglobin, glucose, or cholesterol—some blood profile markers do not change over time. Others may represent health events, such as blood donation, that occur at specific points in your life. Recording your blood profile helps ensure that critical information—like your blood type or Rh factor—is easily accessible when needed for medical care or emergencies. What Is Included in a Blood Profile? The Blood Profile category contains key information about your blood that may be important for transfusions, pregnancy, medical treatment, or blood donation history. Common entries in this category include: Blood Type (ABO) Your blood type describes the specific antigens present on your red blood cells. The four main ABO blood groups are: Type A Type B Type AB Type O Blood type determines which types of blood you can safely receive during a blood transfusion.

Blood Spot Thyroids

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located just below the Adam's apple, playing a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy, and overall hormonal balance. However, various factors, such as hormone imbalances, mineral deficiencies, and environmental pollutants, can disrupt thyroid function, leading to significant health issues. Thyroid Dysfunction is Often Under-Diagnosed According to the American Thyroid Association, up to 60% of people with thyroid disorders may be unaware of their condition. Thyroid problems disproportionately affect women, who are seven times more likely than men to experience thyroid dysfunction, with up to a one-in-five chance of developing issues, especially during perimenopause when hormone levels fluctuate. Thyroid dysfunction can manifest through a wide range of symptoms. Do any of these sound familiar?

Blood Spot Toxic & Essential Elements

What Is Dried Blood Spot (DBS) Testing? Dried Blood Spot (DBS) testing is a simple, convenient method for measuring essential and toxic elements using a small sample of whole blood collected on filter paper. It's an excellent alternative to traditional liquid blood draws and offers several advantages—especially when testing elements that are stored primarily inside red blood cells, such as lead, zinc, and magnesium. Why Use Whole Blood Instead of Serum? Most standard blood tests analyze serum (the clear liquid part of blood), but this isn’t always the best way to detect nutrient deficiencies—especially for minerals that are mostly found inside red blood cells. Zinc and Lead: These elements are concentrated in red blood cells, making whole blood testing (like DBS) more accurate than serum tests. Magnesium: Serum magnesium levels are tightly controlled by the body’s homeostasis, often staying "normal" even when your intracellular magnesium is low. DBS provides a better view of your true magnesium status.

Body Temperature Measurements

Tracking body temperature is crucial for various reasons: Health Monitoring: A higher temperature (fever) often indicates an underlying infection or illness, allowing for timely medical intervention and treatment. Disease Detection: Changes in body temperature can be indicative of certain diseases and conditions, aiding in early detection and diagnosis. Medical Diagnosis: Hospitals and healthcare professionals rely on temperature measurement as a diagnostic tool for assessing patient health and guiding treatment decisions. Treatment Monitoring: Tracking temperature helps monitor the effectiveness of treatments and interventions, ensuring progress or necessitating adjustments. Daily Health: Regular temperature measurement can provide insights into overall health trends and help individuals identify anomalies or potential health issues. In summary, body temperature tracking is a fundamental aspect of healthcare, aiding in the identification of illnesses, guiding medical decisions, and promoting overall well-being.

Bone Health

Bone health refers to the strength, density, and metabolic activity of the skeleton. Bones are living tissues that constantly undergo remodeling, a process where old bone is broken down and new bone is formed. This cycle maintains skeletal strength, repairs microscopic damage, and helps regulate essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. When the balance between bone formation and bone breakdown becomes disrupted, it can lead to conditions such as osteopenia, osteoporosis, fractures, or metabolic bone disorders. Laboratory tests known as bone health biomarkers help measure these processes and provide insight into how actively bone tissue is being formed and resorbed. These biomarkers are often referred to as bone turnover markers, because they reflect the rate at which bone is continuously renewed. What Are Bone Turnover Markers? Bone turnover markers are laboratory biomarkers that measure the biological activity of bone remodeling. They provide information about how quickly bone tissue is being broken down and rebuilt.

Borreliosis

Understanding the Borreliosis Biomarker Category: Insights into Lyme Disease and Related Tick-Borne Infections The biomarker category "Borreliosis" encompasses a range of biomarkers used in diagnosing Lyme disease and other infections caused by Borrelia species. Lyme disease, the most common form of borreliosis, is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted through tick bites. Due to the complexity of Borrelia infections, clinicians use multiple biomarkers—including Borrelia WB IgM, Borrelia WB IgG, and P100—to identify the presence and stage of the disease. Together, these biomarkers provide a layered view of the immune response to Borrelia infection, helping determine whether an infection is recent, persistent, or past. Key Borreliosis Biomarkers: Borrelia WB IgM, Borrelia WB IgG, and P100 In the borreliosis category, Borrelia WB IgM, Borrelia WB IgG, and P100 are essential markers. Each reflects different stages and characteristics of the immune response to Borrelia infection: Borrelia WB IgM: This marker is produced early in infection, typically within 1-2 weeks post-exposure.

BORRELIOSIS - Lyme Disease

BORRELIOSIS- Relapsing Fever Borrelia

Boston Heart Cholesterol Balance Test

The Boston Heart Cholesterol Balance® test directly measures key cholesterol production and absorption markers associated with circulating total cholesterol (TC) by analyzing lathosterol, desmosterol, beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and cholestanol. In vivo, approximately 80% of cholesterol production occurs through a major pathway measured by the precursor lathosterol, while the remaining 20% is measured via desmosterol. Additionally, over 90% of beta-sitosterol and campesterol (plant sterols) are absorbed into intestinal cells, making them excellent indicators of cholesterol absorption. These markers of cholesterol production and absorption can be directly measured in plasma or serum and are predictive of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) response to statins and ezetimibe. A third absorption marker, cholestanol, is also measured, indicating the conversion of cholesterol to the bile acid chenodoxycholate.

Boston Heart HDL Map Test

OVERVIEW OF THE HDL MAP Standard HDL-C tests only measure the total amount of HDL-C contained by all HDL particles. Boston Heart’s exclusive HDL Map test measures the amount of apoA-I in the five most significant subpopulations, resulting in a deeper understanding of a patient’s CVD risk. This exclusive method provides an accurate and consistent indication of reverse cholesterol transport by separating the larger, cardioprotective particles (α-1) most associated with decreased CVD risk from the smaller HDL particles which have been associated with increased risk. The Boston Heart HDL Map® test assesses the five key HDL subpopulations linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk through a unique gel electrophoresis technique. This method measures the amount of apoA-I protein in each of the five HDL subclasses, offering precise insights to identify patients at higher risk of CVD. A low α-1 level is a critical indicator of recurrent CVD events.

Brain Health

The Brain Health category includes biomarkers that assess neurological function, neuronal integrity, cognitive health, and the biological risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and related conditions. These biomarkers serve both diagnostic and monitoring roles. Clinical tests such as p-tau217, amyloid beta, neurofilament light (NfL), and APOE genotype help identify Alzheimer's-related pathology, differentiate causes of cognitive decline, assess disease risk, and support decisions about further testing or treatment eligibility. Other biomarkers provide insight into broader aspects of brain health, including neuroinflammation, neuronal injury, and age-related cognitive change. Together, these tests offer a window into the biological processes occurring within the brain — often years before significant symptoms appear.

Breath test (Trio-Smart)

Trio-smart is an advanced breath testing method used for diagnosing various conditions such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), intestinal methanogen overgrowth (IMO), and excessive hydrogen production. This comprehensive breath test assesses the levels of hydrogen, methane, and hydrogen sulfide in a patient's breath, aiding healthcare providers in making accurate diagnoses and determining appropriate treatment plans. Trio-smart's precise measurements of these gases provide valuable insights into gastrointestinal health, allowing for targeted and effective management strategies tailored to the patient's specific needs.

Campylobacter jejuni/coli AB

Candida IgA, IgM, IgG Blood Test

This candida test is used to screen for antibodies the body develops in response to Systemic Candidiasis or Candida. Candida is another name for yeast, a fungus which is normally found in small amounts in the body. The immune system normally keeps Candida under control but in cases where a person is sick or taking antibiotics the yeast may spread, becoming a potentially dangerous infection. This candida test looks for 3 antibody types including Iga, IgM and IgG.

Cardiovascular & Stroke Screenings

Life Line Screening offers a suite of Cardiovascular & Stroke Screenings aimed at detecting potential risk factors and underlying conditions that could lead to serious health issues in the future. These screenings primarily focus on identifying signs of carotid artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and peripheral arterial disease, as well as assessing the risk of stroke and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Utilizing non-invasive technologies such as ultrasound and electrocardiograms (EKGs), Life Line Screening provides these services in community-based settings like churches, community centers, and offices. The goal is to facilitate early detection of cardiovascular conditions, which can be crucial for timely intervention and management, potentially preventing the progression of these conditions into more severe complications. This approach is particularly targeted towards older adults and those with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, aiming to reduce future health risks and medical costs through preventive care.

Catecholamine blood test

What are Catecholamines? Catecholamines are a group of similar hormones released into the bloodstream in response to physical or emotional stress. Catecholamine testing measures the amounts of these hormones in the urine and/or blood. Urine testing is recommended over blood testing. Functions of Catecholamines: Catecholamines are released into the bloodstream in response to physical and emotional stress to: help transmit nerve impulses in the brain, increase glucose and fatty acid release for energy, dilate bronchioles (decreasing resistance in the respiratory airway and increasing airflow to the lungs), dilate the pupils. The above functions only increase during and shortly after a stressful situation and the broken down catecholamines are then eliminated from the body through the urine.

Catecholamines, Fractionated, Random Urine

Catecholamines, Fractionated, Random Urine is a test that measures the levels of certain hormones called catecholamines in a random urine sample. Catecholamines are a group of hormones and neurotransmitters that include substances like epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine, and dopamine. These chemicals play essential roles in the body's "fight or flight" response, regulating blood pressure, heart rate, and other physiological responses to stress. The test is typically used to diagnose and monitor certain medical conditions, such as: Pheochromocytoma: This is a rare tumor that can develop in the adrenal glands (located on top of the kidneys) and can produce excessive amounts of catecholamines. Elevated levels of catecholamines in urine can be a sign of pheochromocytoma. Paraganglioma: Similar to pheochromocytoma, paragangliomas are rare tumors that can develop in other parts of the body and also produce excess catecholamines. Neuroblastoma: This is a type of cancer that commonly occurs in children and can also produce high levels of catecholamines.

CDSA Level 1 Comprehensive Digestive Stool Analysis

CDSA Level 1 – Comprehensive Digestive Stool Analysis (NutriPATH) NutriPATH offers a broad range of gastrointestinal test panels designed to give healthcare practitioners the flexibility to choose the most appropriate analyses for each patient’s needs. The CDSA Level 1 test provides a detailed assessment of the gut’s microbiological environment. It includes: Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation Bacteriology Mycology (yeast detection) Parasitology This test helps identify imbalanced colonizing organisms and potential pathogens, while also measuring levels of beneficial flora. It is a valuable tool for detecting gut infections or confirming/excluding dysbiosis. The CDSA can support earlier, more targeted interventions, improve treatment precision, and help reduce the risk of relapse—especially in patients with chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms. It also supports clinical decision-making when evaluating the necessity of more invasive procedures such as colonoscopy.

Celiac & Gluten Sensitivity; blood spot

Celiac disease is a common but often underdiagnosed autoimmune condition that affects the small intestine and impairs nutrient absorption. Over time, untreated celiac disease can contribute to a wide range of health issues, including digestive symptoms, nutrient deficiencies, fatigue, and even other autoimmune disorders. Many individuals remain asymptomatic for years, making early detection especially important. This panel evaluates key antibodies associated with both celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). These markers reflect how the immune system responds to gluten exposure. For accurate results, it is essential that testing is performed while consuming a gluten-containing diet. The primary antibodies measured include: Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies Deamidated Gliadin Peptide (DGP) antibodies Testing includes both IgA and IgG antibodies. While IgA is typically used for celiac screening, individuals with celiac disease have a higher likelihood of selective IgA deficiency, which can lead to false-negative results if IgG markers are not assessed.

Celiac Comprehensive Panel

Celiac Comprehensive Panel A Comprehensive Celiac Panel is a set of blood tests used to screen for and help diagnose celiac disease—an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, the protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. In people with celiac disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the small intestine. Over time, this can cause intestinal damage, poor nutrient absorption, digestive upset, anemia, fatigue, and other health problems. What this panel measures This panel combines several antibody and immune markers to improve accuracy and reduce false negatives: Tissue Transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA): The most common and sensitive screening test for celiac disease. Elevated levels strongly suggest an autoimmune response to gluten. Tissue Transglutaminase IgG (tTG-IgG): Useful for individuals with IgA deficiency, a condition that can otherwise mask celiac disease. Deamidated Gliadin Peptide (DGP) IgA and IgG: Detect immune responses against gluten-derived proteins. Helpful in children and when tTG results are inconclusive.

Cell Count and Differential, Synovial Fluid

What Is Synovial Fluid? Synovial fluid is the thick liquid that lubricates your joints and keeps them moving smoothly. It’s on all of your joints, including in your knees, shoulders, hips, hands, and feet. What Is a Synovial Fluid Analysis? A synovial joint fluid analysis is a group of tests your doctor can use to diagnose problems with your joints. Joint conditions like arthritis, gout, infections, and bleeding disorders can change how your synovial fluid looks and feels. A sample of this fluid taken during a procedure called an arthrocentesis can help your doctor figure out what’s causing your symptoms. What’s The Purpose of a Synovial Fluid Analysis?

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis

A CSF analysis, also known as spinal fluid analysis or CSF testing, comprises a set of tests that utilize a sample of cerebrospinal fluid to diagnose various conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, and the central nervous system. These tests are valuable for identifying neurological diseases, infections, and other health issues that may impact CNS function. CSF plays a crucial role as a protective cushion for the brain and spinal cord, guarding them against sudden impacts and injuries. Additionally, it serves as a waste disposal system, aiding in the removal of metabolic waste products from the brain. This function is essential for maintaining the optimal functioning of the central nervous system.

Chemistry Tests

A Chemistry Tests panel, often referred to as a Chemistry Panel or Chem Panel, is a comprehensive set of tests used to evaluate the general health status of an individual and diagnose a wide range of conditions. This panel typically measures various substances in the blood, including electrolytes (like sodium, potassium, and chloride), enzymes, fats, proteins, glucose, and metabolic waste products. The specific tests included can vary, but common ones are the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) and Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP), which assess kidney function, liver function, blood sugar levels, and acid/base balance, among other vital functions. The results can help in detecting abnormalities that may indicate diseases such as diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, and hypertension. It's also used to monitor the effectiveness of medications and the impact of chronic diseases on the body.

Chl. pneumoniae (IgG/IgM/IgA)

Chl. pneumoniae (IgG/IgM/IgA) Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG Chlamydia pneumoniae IgM Chlamydia pneumoniae IgA

Chlamydia/Chlamydophila Ab PNL 3 (IgG, IgA, IgM)

The Chlamydia/Chlamydophila Antibody Panel 3 (IgG, IgA, IgM) is a comprehensive serological test used to detect antibodies against Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species in a patient's blood. This panel tests for three types of antibodies: Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin A (IgA), and Immunoglobulin M (IgM), each providing different information about the timing and stage of the infection. IgG antibodies are usually indicative of a past infection or a later stage of an ongoing infection, as they develop over a longer period and can persist for years. IgA antibodies are often associated with mucosal infections and can indicate a more recent or ongoing infection, especially in the respiratory or genital tracts. IgM antibodies are the first to appear in response to an infection and suggest a recent or acute infection. The Chlamydia/Chlamydophila Ab PNL 3 is particularly useful in diagnosing infections like Chlamydia pneumoniae, which can cause respiratory illnesses, and Chlamydia trachomatis, known for causing sexually transmitted infections and trachoma.

CMV EliSpot

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A Complete Blood Count (CBC) blood test measures the number, size, and characteristics of the cells circulating in your blood. It is one of the most commonly ordered laboratory tests and provides important information about overall health. Doctors use CBC results to evaluate: red blood cells that carry oxygen white blood cells that fight infection platelets that help blood clot Understanding your CBC results and normal ranges can help identify conditions such as anemia, infection, inflammation, immune disorders, and certain blood disorders. This guide explains how to read CBC blood test results, what the normal ranges are, and what high or low values may mean. Reviewed by HealthMatters Editorial Team · Last updated February 2026 What Is a CBC Blood Test? A Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a routine blood test that evaluates the number and characteristics of the different cells in your blood.

Complete Heavy Metals Test (Blood)

A heavy metal blood test is a group of tests that measure the levels of potentially harmful metals in the blood. The most common metals tested for are lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. Metals that are less commonly tested for include copper, zinc, aluminum, and thallium. Heavy metals are found naturally in the environment, certain foods, medicines, and even in water. Heavy metals can get in your system in different ways. You might breathe them in, eat them, or absorb them through your skin. If too much metal gets into your body, it can cause heavy metal poisoning. Heavy metal poisoning can lead to serious health problems. These include organ damage, behavioral changes, and difficulties with thinking and memory. The specific symptoms and how it will affect you, depend on the type of metal and how much of it is in your system.

Complete Hormones (24hr)

The Complete Hormones is the most comprehensive urinary hormone test, designed to assist in the clinical management of hormone-related conditions. This hormone test assesses parent hormones, their metabolites, and key metabolic pathways.

Complete Hormones FMV - Menopause Female

Complete Hormones is Genova's most comprehensive urinary hormone profile, and is designed to assist with the clinical management of hormone-related symptoms in both male and females. This profile assesses parent hormones and their metabolites as well as key metabolic pathways, provides insight into the contribution that sex hormones may have in patients presenting with hormone-related complaints, and helps assess disease risk associated with elevated estrogen metabolites. Urine measures the most metabolites, providing more insight into associated disease risk. The Complete Hormones profile evaluates: - Progesterone (via pregnanediol) - Glucocorticoids, including cortisol - Androgens, including DHEA and testosterone, and their metabolites - Estrogens (E1 Estrone, E2 Estradiol, E3 Estriol) and metabolites, including hydroxylated and methoxylated estrogens - Methylation capacity - 5α-reductase activity - Anabolic/Catabolic Balance When should the Complete Hormones test be considered?

Complete Microbiome Mapping (NutriPATH)

The Complete Microbiome Mapping Test was designed to assess a patient’s microbiome from a single stool sample, with particular attention to microbes that cause disease or that disrupt normal microbial balance and contribute to perturbations in the GI flora and contribute to illness. The panel is a comprehensive collection of microbial targets as well as immune and digestive markers. It screens for pathogenic bacteria, commensal bacteria, opportunistic pathogens, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Common Conditions: IBS/IBD Abdominal cramps or pain leaky gut symptoms SIBO Allergies Weakness Diarrhoea Bloating Fatigue

Comprehensive 24-Hour Urine Steroid Hormone Profile Test

The Comprehensive 24-Hour Urine Steroid Hormone Profile Test by Rhein Labs is an advanced diagnostic tool designed to provide an in-depth analysis of an individual's hormonal status. This test evaluates a wide array of steroid hormones and their metabolites over a 24-hour period, using urine samples to offer a thorough and dynamic picture of the body's hormonal functioning. Unlike single-point blood tests, this method captures the fluctuations and rhythms of hormone production within a full day, providing valuable insights into conditions such as adrenal fatigue, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic disorders. It includes the assessment of key hormones like cortisol, estrogen, testosterone, and their metabolites, making it an invaluable resource for healthcare professionals in diagnosing and managing various endocrine-related conditions. By offering a comprehensive snapshot of hormonal activity, the Rhein Labs test aids in personalized treatment planning and helps in the optimization of overall health and well-being.

Comprehensive Gut Biome & Health Test (Verisana)

With the Comprehensive Gut Biome & Health Test, you receive an extensive examination of your intestine based on your stool sample: 1.) Candida and mold 2.) Bacterial imbalance of the intestinal flora 3.) Secretory IgA (gut mucosal immunology) 4.) Helicobacter pylori The intestinal mucosa forms a mechanical barrier in healthy people: it is permeable to nutrients and liquids, but impermeable to harmful substances. Beyond that, the gut and its bacteria are of great importance for the immune system – nearly 80% of all immune cells are located there. However, the intestinal mucosa can fulfill its task only with an intact gut flora. The test analyzes the values of the following analytes: Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Citrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Other aerobic bacteria, Bifidobacterium sp., Bacteroides sp., Lactobacillus sp., Clostridium sp., Candida albicans, Candida sp., Geotrichum sp., Mold, Secretory IgA, Helicobacter pylori.

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)

A comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) measures 14 markers of blood sugar, kidney function, liver health, electrolytes and protein. This page explains what your results mean. Key Takeaways A Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) measures 14 biomarkers that evaluate blood sugar, kidney function, liver health, electrolytes, and protein levels. Typical adult ranges include glucose ~70–99 mg/dL, creatinine ~0.6–1.3 mg/dL, sodium 135–145 mmol/L, and ALT ~7–56 U/L, although ranges vary slightly by laboratory. High CMP values may indicate dehydration, kidney disease, liver dysfunction, diabetes, or electrolyte imbalance. Low values may occur with malnutrition, overhydration, medication effects, or hormonal disorders. Doctors interpret patterns across the entire panel, not individual numbers in isolation. What Is a CMP Blood Test? A Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) is one of the most commonly ordered blood tests. It evaluates multiple aspects of metabolic and organ health by measuring markers related to blood sugar, kidney function, liver health, electrolytes, and protein balance.

Comprehensive Stool Analysis / Parasitology

The Comprehensive Stool Analysis detects the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as yeast, parasites, and bacteria that contribute to chronic illness and neurological dysfunction. It provides helpful information about prescription and natural products effective against specific strains detected in the sample. The test also evaluates beneficial bacteria levels, intestinal immune function, overall intestinal health, and inflammation markers. Many chronic disorders come from digestive problems and inadequate nutrient absorption. Proper gastrointestinal function is needed to eliminate toxic substances, pathogenic microbes, and undigested food particles from the body to prevent health problems. Nutrients require a specific internal environment to be properly digested and transported throughout the body. Abnormal intestinal microorganisms in the GI tract are widely known to cause disease. Research shows a relationship between the GI tract and the neurological, hepatic, and immune systems.

Connective Tissue Disease Cascade

The Connective Tissue Disease Cascade panel is an advanced diagnostic tool used for the detection and evaluation of autoimmune connective tissue diseases. This comprehensive panel includes a series of tests that identify specific antibodies commonly associated with these disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and rheumatoid arthritis. By analyzing antibodies like ANA (Antinuclear Antibody), dsDNA, Smith antibodies, and others, the panel provides crucial information about the presence and type of autoimmune connective tissue disease a patient may have. This aids in early diagnosis, which is essential for effective management and treatment. The panel is particularly useful in cases where symptoms are unclear or overlap with multiple conditions, offering a detailed immunological profile that guides clinicians in their diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making.

Corona Virus COVID-19

Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID-19 (formally known as 2019-nCoV) is the name for the respiratory syndrome caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Coronary calcium scan

Other names for this test are: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) test, Coronary calcium CT scan, Heart CT calcium scan. A coronary calcium scan, also known as a coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, is a specialized type of computed tomography (CT) scan that measures the amount of calcium in the walls of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. This non-invasive imaging test is used to evaluate the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), a leading cause of heart attacks. Calcium in the coronary arteries is an early sign of CAD, as it's a component of plaque that can narrow or block these arteries, leading to heart disease. The scan produces a calcium score, which reflects the extent of calcification in the coronary arteries. A score of zero indicates no detectable plaque and a low risk of a coronary event in the near future, while a higher score suggests a greater risk. This score helps in stratifying patients into different risk categories for heart disease and can guide physicians in making decisions about preventive measures and treatment strategies.

Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR)

The Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) test is a non-invasive saliva test that serves as a reliable marker of stress response and a critical tool for revealing adrenal imbalances. Lifestyle, physical and psychological stresses put constant demands on the adrenal glands. If they become depleted adrenal fatigue or insufficiency may be experienced. The Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) test is a unique assessment measuring the predictable rise and fall in cortisol within the first hour of awakening. The test is essential in evaluating the overall function of the HPA axis. In this particular test we measure cortisol immediately on rising, 30 minutes post waking, 60 minutes post waking, 12:00 (noon), 4:00pm and 8:00pm. The CAR test allows your physician to determine how healthy your HPA axis is which useful in assessing the HPA-axis. The CAR test is an appropriate tool in practice for most of your patients as it provides an easy assessment of their ability to deal with stressors and is also reflective of how well they have dealt with stressors in the past.

Cortisol Awakening Response + DHEA (Saliva)

Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR): - CAR represents the momentum of rising cortisol levels that begins several hours prior to awakening and an additional transient increase. - CAR reflects a person’s ability to cope with anticipated challenges and the perceptions of control around chronic stress. Elevated levels of CAR: - Elevated levels may be due to stress, exercise, alcohol, and specific lifestyle stressors. - Elevated evening salivary cortisol is linked to insomnia. - High evening cortisol levels are also associated with various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hormonally driven cancers, and osteoporosis. DHEA: DHEA levels peak at around age 25, then decline steadily through the following decades. DHEA can be converted downstream in the steroidogenic pathway to create androgens and estrogens. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can be protective against corticosterone’s neurotoxic effects.

CORTISOL, LC/MS, SALIVA, 4 SAMPLES

Salivary cortisol level, particularly late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) level, is useful in screening for endogenous Cushing syndrome. Two or more positive results of LNSC tests may be used to confirm Cushing syndrome. LNSC measurement may also be used to monitor for recurrence of Cushing disease. Normally, the secretion of cortisol has a circadian rhythm. Patients with Cushing syndrome often lose the late-night circadian nadir (= low point). Therefore, an elevated LNSC level may provide initial evidence for Cushing syndrome. Two or more positive results of LNSC tests may establish the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome if non-neoplastic hypercortisolism (pseudo-Cushing syndrome) is excluded. Because saliva is convenient to collect, LNSC testing is especially useful for individuals who need to provide multiple specimens over time for the evaluation of cyclic Cushing syndrome. Annual LNSC testing is recommended to monitor for the recurrence of Cushing disease after pituitary surgery.

Coxsackie A IgG Antibody

The Coxsackie Antibody, IgG test is used to detect antibodies against the Coxsackie virus in the blood. This condition is most common in children under the age of five, and it can cause Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease. Coxsackieviruses are part of the enterovirus family of viruses (which also includes polioviruses and hepatitis A virus) that can live in the human digestive tract. In most cases, coxsackievirus infections cause mild flu-like symptoms and go away without treatment. But in some cases, they can lead to more serious infections. The viruses can spread from person to person, usually on unwashed hands and surfaces contaminated by feces, where they can live for several days.

Coxsackie A IgM Antibody

The Coxsackie A gM Antibody panel is a diagnostic tool used to detect the presence of antibodies against the Coxsackie A virus, a significant member of the Enterovirus family. This panel differentiates between IgG and IgM antibodies, providing crucial insights into the timing and stage of the infection. IgM antibodies typically indicate a recent or ongoing infection, as they are the first antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an infection. In contrast, IgG antibodies develop later and can indicate a past infection or a more mature immune response. This test is especially important in diagnosing conditions caused by Coxsackie A virus, such as hand, foot, and mouth disease, herpangina, and various other systemic illnesses. Accurate identification through this antibody panel aids in appropriate clinical management and understanding of the patient's immune status regarding Coxsackie A virus exposure.

Coxsackie B Virus Antibodies

This test is used to aid in diagnosing Coxsackie virus infection. Coxsackie B viruses cause a wide variety of illnesses, including pleurodynia (Bornholm disease), meningitis, rash, pulmonary infection and a generalized systemic infection. The Coxsackie B Virus Antibodies panel is a critical diagnostic tool used for detecting antibodies against the Coxsackie B virus, a key pathogen within the Enterovirus genus. This panel specifically tests for the presence of antibodies to several serotypes of the Coxsackie B virus, typically Coxsackie B1 through B6. The presence of these antibodies in a patient's blood can indicate either a current or past infection. Coxsackie B viruses are known to cause a variety of illnesses, ranging from mild syndromes like fever, pleurodynia, and herpangina, to more severe conditions such as myocarditis, pericarditis, and meningitis. In some cases, they are also implicated in the development of chronic diseases, including dilated cardiomyopathy and diabetes.

Coxsackie IgG-/IgA-antibodies

Creatinine (Urine) - DUTCH

In this section of the DUTCH test, you’ll see your creatinine values from all four urine samples collected throughout the day. Creatinine is measured for one important reason: to correct hormone results for urine dilution. Why Creatinine Matters in Urine Hormone Testing The concentration of hormones in urine can vary depending on how diluted your sample is. If you are well-hydrated, your urine is more diluted, and hormone concentrations appear lower. If you are dehydrated, your urine is more concentrated, and hormone levels may appear higher. Creatinine correction adjusts for these differences. Because creatinine is excreted at a relatively steady, predictable rate in healthy individuals, it serves as a reliable reference point to “normalize” your results, regardless of hydration. Creatinine Correction and Accuracy The DUTCH test uses creatinine correction to make its spot urine samples comparable to the gold standard: a 24-hour urine collection. A 24-hour urine test captures hormone excretion over an entire day but can be difficult for patients to complete correctly.

Cytokine assay panel for immune profile

Cytokines are a large group of secreted proteins with diverse structures and functions, which regulate and coordinate many cells activities of innate and adaptive immune systems. Therefore, these molecules are involved in multiple processes: acute inflammations such as infectious or post-vaccinal conditions, chronic inflammations such as autoimmune diseases, chronic infections or tumors.

Cytokine Panel 13, Serum

Primarily for research and to support attempts to understand the pathogenesis of immune, infectious, allergic, or inflammatory disorders.

Cytokine Response Profile (CytoDx), Diagnostic Solutions

Cytokine Response Profile (CytoDx) – Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory The Cytokine Response Profile (CytoDx) by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory provides a detailed look at how your immune system regulates inflammation and communication between immune cells. This advanced cytokine panel test measures key signaling molecules—called cytokines—that coordinate immune activity and influence how your body responds to infection, stress, and chronic illness. When cytokine levels become imbalanced, they can contribute to chronic inflammation, autoimmune reactions, or weakened immune defense. The CytoDx test helps identify these immune patterns, offering clinicians insight into your body’s inflammatory status and immune regulation at the cellular level. How the Test Works This test analyzes cytokines related to major immune pathways—Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells. Each pathway plays a distinct role in immune defense, inflammation control, and recovery.

Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family of viruses and usually causes asymptomatic infection after which it remains latent, primarily within bone marrow derived cells. Can be similar to primary Epstein-Barr virus infection, with fever, malaise and lymphadenopathy.

Daily Free Cortisol and Cortisone + Metabolites (Urine) - DUTCH

This section of the DUTCH test evaluates your body’s daily stress hormone patterns by measuring free cortisol, free cortisone, and their metabolites. It answers five key questions: What is the overall free cortisol pattern across the day? What is the total free cortisol for the day? What is your Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR)? What is the total amount of cortisol metabolites? Does your body prefer to produce active cortisol or inactive cortisone? Understanding the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) The Cortisol Awakening Response reflects how sharply cortisol rises in the first 30–40 minutes after waking. Normal pattern: Cortisol peaks shortly after waking, then gradually declines through the day, reaching its lowest point at night. CAR calculation: The difference between your waking cortisol sample and the one collected 30–40 minutes later. Why it matters: Low or flat CAR may suggest low HPA axis activity (underactive stress response) and can be linked to fatigue, burnout, sleep disorders, PTSD, and certain chronic illnesses.

DetoxiGenomic Profile and a la carte SNPs

The DetoxiGenomic® Profile and a la carte SNPs are designed to assess genetic risks for chronic diseases. According to the CDC, precision medicine, also known as personalized medicine, tailors patient care based on genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are genetic variants that can predispose patients to various chronic diseases. By testing for these SNPs, clinicians can identify genetic predispositions and customize treatments. Everyone has SNPs, which are common and generally not as severe as genetic mutations. SNPs subtly reduce cellular functions, impacting overall quality of life. Genomic testing helps identify hidden gene polymorphisms that may lead to chronic diseases. Many people mistakenly believe that having a SNP means they will develop the associated disease. However, most genes can be influenced by environmental, dietary, and lifestyle factors. Genotypic SNP testing can prompt monitoring of associated biomarkers, such as closely watching homocysteine levels in patients with MTHFR polymorphisms.

DUTCH (male)

The DUTCH test is a urine steroid hormone test that measures hormones and hormone metabolites from a dried urine sample.

Early Sjogrens Syndrome Profile

Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands, which manifests as dry eyes and mouth. The syndrome is estimated to be between 9 and 20 times more common in women than in men and typically presents in the 4th or 5th decade of life. The disease can present by itself (primary) or in association with another underlying autoimmune condition (secondary), commonly rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Sjögren syndrome may occur as part of a triad that includes primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune thyroid disease. Patients with Sjögren's syndrome also have an overall increased risk for malignancies, specifically non-Hodgkin lymphoma and thyroid cancer. Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic disease in which loss of salivary gland and lachrymal gland function is associated with hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibody production, mild kidney and lung disease and eventually lymphoma.

EBV EliSpot (lytic+latent)

Echo IgG/IgA/IgM -antibodies

Ehrlichia Ab Panel

Human ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by rickettsial-like agents. Two forms, human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), have been described. HME is often referred to as "spotless" or rashless Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and has been reported in various regions of the United States. The causative agent of HME has been identified as Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Infected individuals produce specific antibodies to Ehrlichia chaffeensis which can be detected by an immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test.

Ehrlichia Chaffeensis (IgG, IgM)

The Ehrlichia Chaffeensis (IgG, IgM) panel is a critical diagnostic tool used for detecting Ehrlichiosis, a bacterial illness transmitted by ticks. This panel tests for both IgG and IgM antibodies against Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the bacterium responsible for the disease. The presence of IgM antibodies typically indicates a recent or acute infection, as these are the first antibodies to be produced in response to an infection. IgG antibodies, on the other hand, develop more slowly and can indicate a past infection or a more chronic stage of the disease. This dual testing approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of the infection's timeline, aiding in the accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. Ehrlichiosis can cause flu-like symptoms and, if left untreated, may lead to severe complications. Therefore, the Ehrlichia Chaffeensis (IgG, IgM) panel is essential for timely identification and management of the infection, particularly in areas where tick-borne diseases are prevalent.

EHRLICHIOSIS

Electrolytes

Electrolytes are essential minerals found in your blood, urine, and other bodily fluids that carry an electric charge. They are crucial for a myriad of bodily functions. Key electrolytes include sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride, and phosphate. Each plays a vital role: sodium helps control fluids in the body, affecting blood pressure; potassium is key for nerve and muscle function, including the heart; calcium is essential for bone health and plays a role in muscle and nerve function as well as blood clotting; magnesium is involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation; chloride helps maintain a normal balance of body fluids and is essential for digestion; bicarbonate helps maintain the body's acid-base balance (pH); and phosphate is important for bone health, energy storage, and nerve function. Testing electrolyte levels in the blood is important because it helps diagnose and monitor a variety of conditions.

Endo+

What is Endo+? Endo+ is a unique profile that combines multiple hormonal assessments and synthesizes the information so the clinician can quickly identify imbalances. Hormones are chemical messengers released by a cell, gland, or organ into the blood that elicit a cascade of physiologic responses by acting on specific target tissues. Over 50 hormones have been identified. They can be synthesized from cholesterol or peptides and amino acids. Genova offers a variety of endocrine assessments to meet the testing needs of each patient. Their endocrine products assist the clinician in identifying hormone imbalances, hormone metabolism issues, and disease risk. Reference ranges are based on healthy adult populations. Pediatric reference ranges are not available. Clinicians can build an individualized hormone assessment for each patient choosing from six component profiles. What is included on the Endo+ profile?

Endocrinology

Endocrinology is a specialized branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to hormones. It encompasses a wide array of conditions due to its systemic nature, as hormones regulate many different biological processes in the body. Endocrinologists deal with the endocrine system, which includes glands such as the thyroid, adrenal, ovaries, testes, and pancreas, among others. This field is crucial for managing complex conditions like diabetes, thyroid diseases, metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, menopause, cancers of the endocrine glands, and infertility issues. The practice of endocrinology involves a deep understanding of the biochemical mechanisms that control the body's metabolism, reproduction, growth, and development, as well as the coordinated action and communication between different organs through hormonal signals.

Environmental Toxins

Environmental toxins, technically called toxicants, are substances produced endogenously from the human body and which, when absorbed, inhaled, or ingested, can cause acute or chronic toxic overload, which may manifest in a variety of biological organ, tissue, and cellular-level systems. Environmental toxins are cancer-causing chemicals and endocrine disruptors, both human-made and naturally occurring. Susceptibility to toxic overload varies person-to-person, and can be affected by a variety of factors including: Genetics Environment Diet Liver and kidney health Microbiome composition and diversity Age Adiposity Gender Lifestyle Immune system capacity Screening patients with multiple chronic inflammatory symptoms, resistance to weight loss, and signs of excessive total toxic load is important to detecting unknown chemical exposure to daily products, foods, and environment Screening for Environmental Toxins can aid practitioners in uncovering true root causes of toxicity from common environmental sources and provide a clear roadmap to detoxification and healing In order to assess the

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

EBV Antibody Test Results — VCA IgG, VCA IgM, EBNA-1 IgG, and EA-D IgG Explained Quick Summary Your EBV panel looks at four antibodies your immune system makes at different times during and after EBV infection: VCA IgM (Viral Capsid Antigen, IgM): Appears early in a new infection, then fades within weeks to a few months. VCA IgG (Viral Capsid Antigen, IgG): Appears early and then persists for life—documents prior exposure; by itself it doesn’t prove current activity. EBNA-1 IgG (EBV Nuclear Antigen, IgG): Develops weeks to months after the first infection and then persists—strong evidence of past infection. EA-D IgG (Early Antigen—Diffuse, IgG): May rise during acute infection or some reactivations, but ~20–30% of healthy people can remain positive for years; supportive, not diagnostic, of activity. How to Read Your Results (the big picture) No previous exposure or very early window: All four antibodies negative. If you have symptoms, retest soon; it may be too early for antibodies. Recent/primary infection: VCA IgM positive, VCA IgG positive, EBNA-1 IgG negative.

Essential and Metabolic Fatty Acids Markers (RBCs)

The Essential & Metabolic Fatty Acids Analysis (EMFA) assesses the critical balance between essential Omega-6/Omega-3 fatty acids, as well as additional key fatty acids important in metabolism and cellular function. Fatty acid imbalances can be a causative factor in a variety of chronic health conditions. The Essential and Metabolic Fatty Acids Analysis can indicate the need for fatty acid supplementation and/or dietary modification.

Essential Elements (Serum)

Serum elements are used to assess the status of key elements and electrolytes such as calcium, sodium, potassium and iron that have important functions in the extracellular fluid compartment of blood. Useful for: - Anemia - Bone Density - Cardiovascular Disease - Dermatitis or Poor Wound Healing - Fatigue - Hypertension - Impaired Glucose Tolerance - Inflammation - Kidney Function - Nutritional Deficiencies - Sexual Impotence or Decreased Testosterone Production - Vision Problems

Essential Elements (Urine)

Many clinicians request the analysis of essential elements in urine specimens to evaluate nutritional status and the efficacy of mineral supplementation during metal detoxification therapy. Metal detoxification agents can significantly increase the excretion of specific nutrient elements such as zinc, copper, manganese and molybdenum. Chromium metabolism authorities suggest that 24-hour chromium excretion likely provides the best assessment of chromium status. Early indication of renal dysfunction can be gleaned from urinary wasting of essential elements such as magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium in an unprovoked specimen. Variability in urine volume can drastically affect the concentration of elements. To compensate for urine dilution variation, elements are expressed per unit creatinine for timed collections. For 24-hour collections, elements are reported as both units per 24 hours and units per creatinine.

Estrogens and Metabolites (Urine) - DUTCH

Estrogen is a key anabolic hormone, meaning it promotes growth and development in the body. There are three primary forms of estrogen: Estrone (E1) – weaker, but still biologically active Estradiol (E2) – the most potent and biologically active form, responsible for most estrogen effects Estriol (E3) – weaker, plays a bigger role in vaginal and urinary tract health Where Is Estrogen Made? In Women: In premenopausal women, most estrogen is produced in the ovaries. Smaller amounts are created by converting testosterone into estrogen through a process called aromatization. After menopause, estrogen production shifts almost entirely to aromatization. The enzyme responsible for aromatization is found in fat tissue, the brain, gonads, blood vessels, skin, and bone. In Men: Men produce estrogen mainly through aromatization of testosterone. Men’s estrogen levels are much lower than those of cycling women—but interestingly, men often have higher estrogen levels than postmenopausal women. What Does Estrogen Do?

Fatty Acids Profile, Essential (Serum/Plasma)

Aids in identification of patients with essential fatty acid deficiency, evaluation of nutritional status, and diet monitoring.

Folate Metabolism Profile (NutriPATH)

Folate is a water soluble B vitamin (B9), which humans cannot synthesise and is thus a dietary requirement. The primary function of folate is the transfer of methyl and formyl groups. It is essential for cell growth and reproduction, the formation of certain amino acids (methionine, serine, glycine and histidine), the breakdown of proteins (e.g. homocysteine), the formation of DNA and RNA, red blood cell maturation and serotonin, noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and dopamine formation. Active and Inactive Forms of Folate Dihydrofolate (DHF) is the dietary form of folate, whilst folic acid is the synthetic form of folate used in supplements and to fortify the food supply. These forms of folate are not biologically active; they must undergo enzymatic transformation to L-methylfolate in order to be used by cells. L-methylfolate, unlike the other folates, is able to cross the blood-brain barrier for use in the CNS.

Food Allergy Panel

The Food Allergy Panel test measures immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in the blood, which are produced in response to specific food allergens. This panel evaluates immune responses to the following foods: almond, cashew nut, codfish, cow's milk, egg white, hazelnut, peanut, salmon, scallop, sesame seed, shrimp, soybean, tuna, walnut, and wheat. If your antibody levels for peanut, milk, or egg are abnormal, additional component panels will be performed on the same sample to provide detailed protein information to share with your allergist. Food allergy reactions can range from mild discomfort to severe symptoms, often developing within minutes to hours of exposure. Identifying which allergens trigger these reactions is important. This panel may help determine whether you've had or currently have an allergic response to any of these food allergens. If you are experiencing any of the signs and symptoms listed below, this test may be beneficial for you. PLEASE NOTE This test reports the presence of IgE antibodies, but the results alone cannot confirm a diagnosis of food allergies.

FU Female FMV Urine Comprehensive Hormone

The "FU Female FMV Urine Comprehensive Hormone" test by Physicians Lab is a specialized diagnostic tool designed for comprehensive hormone analysis in women. This test evaluates a wide range of hormonal levels through a female morning void (FMV) urine sample, offering a detailed insight into a woman's hormonal balance. It measures key hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, and their metabolites, which are crucial in understanding various aspects of women's health. This test is particularly beneficial for diagnosing and managing conditions like hormonal imbalances, menopause, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and fertility issues. By providing an extensive profile of hormone levels, the test aids healthcare providers in developing personalized treatment plans, including hormone replacement therapy or other interventions tailored to the patient's specific hormonal needs. The convenience of using a urine sample makes this test a non-invasive option for patients, offering a comprehensive hormonal assessment with ease and comfort.

Full GI Panel

The Full GI Panel offered by Parasitology Center, Inc. (PCI) is a comprehensive screening option that combines the Comprehensive Stool Analysis (CSA) and Swab Culture tests. This panel is highly recommended for individuals experiencing gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. This detailed analysis investigates a wide range of intestinal parasites, including protozoa, trematodes, tapeworms, and nematodes, collected from all seven continents. It also examines other intestinal organisms such as Candida, yeast, and various fungi. The thorough assessment includes essential bio-indicators like red and white blood cells, mucus, fatty acid crystals, starch granules, undigested tissue, beneficial bacteria, epithelial cells, pollen, and Charcot-Leyden crystals, providing invaluable insights into digestive health. The Swab Culture test offers comprehensive culturing and analysis of bacterial and fungal infections, delivering precise sensitivity and resistance results. It quantifies positive findings to accurately determine the infection's intensity.

Gallbladder

Galleri by GRAIL: Multi-Cancer Early Detection Blood Test

Galleri by GRAIL is a multi-cancer early detection (MCED) blood test designed to screen for dozens of serious cancers, including many that currently have no standard screening options. By analyzing fragments of DNA released into the bloodstream by tumors, the test can identify a potential cancer “signal” before symptoms appear or before cancer is detected through traditional imaging or screening methods. As cancers develop, they shed tumor-derived DNA into the blood. Galleri uses advanced genomic and machine-learning technology to detect these fragments and determine whether a cancer signal is present. If a signal is found, the test can also predict the likely tissue or organ of origin—called the Cancer Signal Origin (CSO)—to help guide follow-up diagnostic testing and clinical evaluation. In adults ages 50 to 79, approximately 1 percent of people tested are expected to receive a “Cancer Signal Detected” result. Among those with a positive result, about 40 percent are ultimately diagnosed with cancer after further diagnostic work-up.

Genetics

Genetic testing analyzes DNA to identify variants—either inherited or acquired—that influence how the body functions, processes nutrients, and responds to disease. Unlike standard blood tests that measure substances circulating in the body, genetic tests examine the underlying molecular code that can predispose a person to certain conditions, affect how medications or nutrients are metabolized, or directly drive disease. HealthMatters tracks both inherited genetic variants—present from birth and passed through families—and acquired (somatic) mutations, which develop over time in specific cell populations and are not inherited. What this category includes Methylation and nutrient metabolism variants Variants in genes such as MTHFR can affect how the body processes folate and regulates homocysteine levels. These inherited single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with differences in cardiovascular risk, methylation efficiency, and B vitamin metabolism. Common variants include C677T and A1298C.

Genova Diagnostics (various)

Genova Diagnostics is a global clinical laboratory, pioneering a systems approach that supports healthcare providers in the personalized treatment and prevention of chronic disease.

GI EcologiX (Invivo Healthcare)

Gastrointestinal Health & Microbiome Profile GI EcologiX is a gut health and microbiome stool test using qPCR & ELISA technology and encompassing key microbial targets and health markers to inform and assess the individual’s microbial ecosystem and health status. The information gathered from this test can be used to guide changes in a person’s lifestyle, nutrition or other self-care interventions to protect and promote their health and well-being. Included: – 7 x health markers – 62 x microbial markers

GI-MAP

If you have a GI-MAP report in front of you, here's what to know first: GI-MAP uses qPCR to detect microbial DNA — results are quantitative (CFU/g), not simple positive/negative Detection does not equal disease. Many markers are commonly present at low levels in healthy people Patterns across multiple markers matter more than any single result in isolation This guide explains every section of the Diagnostic Solutions GI-MAP report, including the complete opportunistic bacteria species list, individual marker interpretation, and the clinical patterns practitioners use to interpret results together WHERE DO I START? — JUMP TO YOUR RESULT A GI-MAP report can run 14+ pages. If you're looking at one specific flagged result, use this table to jump straight to the relevant section instead of reading top to bottom. If your report shows... Read this section H. pylori (positive or with virulence factors) H.

GI360 stool profile

Comprehensive Guide to the GI360® by Doctor’s Data: Revolutionizing Gut Health Diagnostics The GI360® Stool Profile by Doctor’s Data is a cutting-edge diagnostic tool designed to provide a detailed analysis of gut health. Utilizing advanced technologies like multiplex PCR, culture techniques, and biochemical testing, the GI360® offers actionable insights into the gut microbiome, digestive function, and intestinal health. This comprehensive stool test is ideal for identifying the root causes of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and systemic health conditions linked to gut imbalances. What Makes the GI360® Unique? The GI360® combines state-of-the-art methodologies to deliver a complete picture of gut health, enabling personalized treatment plans for improved digestive and systemic health. Key features include: Microbiome Analysis with Multiplex PCR Technology: Provides a detailed evaluation of gut microbial composition and diversity, pinpointing imbalances in beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Glucose Tolerance Test

A glucose tolerance test (GTT) is an important diagnostic tool used to assess how well your body processes sugar (glucose), playing a crucial role in diagnosing diabetes and other related health conditions. This test involves measuring your body’s response to sugar. Initially, a fasting blood sugar level is taken after you’ve fasted overnight. Then, you’re given a sweet liquid containing a specific amount of glucose, and subsequent blood sugar tests are conducted at intervals to track how your body deals with the sugar influx. The results of a GTT can reveal different conditions: if your blood sugar levels rise and then quickly return to normal, you likely have a healthy glucose metabolism. However, if your blood sugar levels rise higher than normal and take a longer time to come back down, it may indicate a pre-diabetic condition or gestational diabetes (in pregnant women). GTT is especially important for monitoring pregnant women's health, as gestational diabetes can pose risks to both the mother and baby.

GlycoCheck

GlycoCheck is a non-invasive test, using a video microscope camera placed under the tongue. It evaluates your micro- vascular system down to the smallest capillaries and reflects your entire body’s health. The video microscope shows live movement of your red blood cells as they travel through your microvessels. Research confirms that under- the-tongue measurements are indicative of the health of the entire vascular system which supplies nutrients and oxygen to organs such as the brain, eyes, heart, kidneys, and all others.

Gonadotropins

Gonadotropins are peptide hormones that play a central role in regulating reproductive function in both females and males. They control ovarian and testicular activity and are essential for normal growth, sexual development, and fertility. In humans, the main gonadotropins include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are produced by the pituitary gland, as well as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is produced by the placenta during pregnancy.

Gut Barrier Panel

KBMO has created a unique Gut Barrier Panel which in recognition that leaky gut occurs across a spectrum we have included the following gatekeeper markers: Candida, Zonulin and Occludin and LPS. For each marker, we measure IgG 1-4 /C3d in addition to IgA 1 and 2.

Gut Zoomer by Vibrant Wellness

Comprehensive Gut Microbiome & Digestive Health Test The Gut Zoomer by Vibrant Wellness is a comprehensive, clinically oriented gut microbiome and stool test designed to uncover the root causes of digestive symptoms, gut inflammation, immune dysfunction, and microbiome imbalance. By analyzing 300+ microbes alongside key functional biomarkers, the Gut Zoomer delivers an in-depth assessment of gut health that goes far beyond standard stool testing. This category brings together all biomarkers, organisms, and functional markers included in the Gut Zoomer, making it easier for patients, clinicians, and AI systems to understand how individual results fit into the broader picture of gastrointestinal and systemic health. What Is the Gut Zoomer Test?

GutIQ

Comprehensive Gut Health Analysis with the Gut IQ Profile The Gut IQ Profile is a revolutionary stool analysis that offers a complete overview of your gut health. By leveraging advanced PCR and metagenomic sequencing technologies, it provides detailed insights into the gut microbiome and biochemical markers essential for digestive health. What is Metagenomic Sequencing? Metagenomic sequencing, also known as shotgun sequencing, is a cutting-edge technique used to analyze the genetic material of entire microbial communities within a stool sample. This method sequences all genetic material in a random, unbiased manner, offering a more comprehensive understanding of your gut microbiome compared to traditional, targeted approaches. Key Features of Metagenomic Sequencing: Broad Microbial Coverage Identifies over 28,000 microbial species, including unculturable and previously unknown microorganisms. Unbiased Approach Random sequencing ensures an extensive and detailed overview of microbial diversity.

Gynecological Health

Gynecological Health: Understanding and Tracking Your Reproductive Wellness Gynecological health refers to the well-being of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, and breasts. This category encompasses preventive care, routine screenings, hormonal balance, menstrual health, fertility, and the detection of infections or gynecologic cancers. Maintaining good gynecological health is essential at every stage of life — from adolescence through menopause and beyond. Regular check-ups and testing can help identify potential issues early, when they are most treatable. Key Areas of Gynecological Health Include: Pap Smear: Screens for abnormal cervical cells that could lead to cervical cancer. HPV Testing: Detects high-risk human papillomavirus strains associated with cervical cancer. Pelvic Exams: Assess the health of reproductive organs. Menstrual Health: Monitoring irregularities, pain, or symptoms of conditions like PCOS or endometriosis. Fertility Assessments: Tests related to ovulation, ovarian reserve, and cycle tracking.

H pylori, IgM, IgG, IgA Ab

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that infects the digestive system. Many people with H. pylori will never have symptoms of infection. But for others, the bacteria can cause a variety of digestive disorders. These can include: - gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), - peptic ulcers (sores in the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus), - and certain types of stomach cancer. There are different ways to test for an H. pylori infection. They include blood, stool, and breath tests. If you are having digestive symptoms, testing and treatment may help prevent serious complications. Other names: H. pylori stool antigen, H. pylori breath tests, urea breath test, rapid urease test (RUT) for H. pylori, H. pylori culture

Hair Mineral Analysis Level 1- Hair

Hair Metal and Mineral Analysis: Understanding Nutrient and Toxic Metal Levels Hair metal and mineral analysis evaluates the nutrient and toxic metal content in hair, offering insights into the body’s mineral status and exposure to harmful substances. Hair serves as an excellent medium for such analysis because it reflects both external environmental exposure and internal absorption through the bloodstream. Over time, minerals and metals accumulate in hair, providing a stable record of metabolic and cellular activity. This test can measure a wide range of metals and minerals in a single sample, giving valuable information about nutrient metabolism and cellular function. Since minerals are essential catalysts for every physiological process in the body, their levels in hair can reveal imbalances that impact overall health. The structure of hair remains unchanged after growth, meaning mineral levels in each section remain fixed, accurately reflecting accumulation over the hair growth period, typically 1–3 months.

Hair Tissue Analysis [ARL (Analytical Research Labs)]

Providing a mineral blueprint of one's biochemistry, a hair tissue mineral analysis can provide pertinent information about one's metabolic rate, energy levels, and stage of stress. A hair tissue mineral analysis performed by Analytical Research Labs, Inc., is a screening test for the level of 20 minerals and toxic metals in a sample of hair. It is a tissue mineral biopsy that is non-invasive, relatively inexpensive and extremely accurate. Our laboratory uses only the most advanced and sophisticated instrumentation available today, the Perkin Elmer ICP-MS nexION 2000B Mass Spectrometer to assess mineral levels in parts per million or parts per billion. A hair tissue mineral analysis is considered a standard test used around the world for the biological monitoring of trace elements and toxic metals in humans and animals species. The same technology is used for soil testing and testing of rock samples to detect mineral levels. Hair, like all other body tissues, contains minerals that are deposited as the hair grows.

HDL Function Panel

The HDL Function Panel with HDLfx pCAD Score is a blood test that looks beyond “HDL cholesterol” (HDL-C) quantity to assess how well your HDL particles work. It measures a set of apolipoproteins carried on HDL-like particles and uses them to estimate HDL’s cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC)—the process by which HDL helps remove cholesterol from artery walls. The panel then reports a composite HDLfx pCAD Score that classifies relative risk for coronary atherosclerosis. Why HDL function matters While low HDL-C is linked to higher cardiovascular risk, raising HDL-C with drugs hasn’t consistently reduced events. That’s why researchers and clinicians focus on HDL function—especially CEC—as a more meaningful indicator of cardiovascular protection. What’s measured ApoA1-associated lipoprotein (AALP) apolipoproteins: ApoA1, ApoC1, ApoC2, ApoC3, ApoC4 (nmol/L), isolated using an ApoA-1 affinity method and quantified by LC-MS/MS. HDLfx pCEC: a predicted CEC derived from those proteins that correlates strongly with cell-based CEC (r = 0.86).

Heart and Muscle Health

This panel includes biomarkers used to evaluate heart function, heart muscle injury, skeletal muscle damage, and vascular health. These markers help clinicians investigate symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, or muscle weakness, and can support the diagnosis or monitoring of heart failure, heart attacks, muscle disorders, and cardiovascular risk. The biomarkers in this panel fall into four main clinical groups. Heart Failure and Cardiac Stress Markers These biomarkers are released when the heart is under increased pressure or strain, such as in heart failure or ventricular dysfunction. B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) BNP is a hormone released by the heart’s ventricles when they are stretched due to increased blood volume or pressure. Elevated BNP levels are commonly used to diagnose and monitor heart failure and assess the severity of cardiac stress. NT-proBNP NT-proBNP is an inactive fragment released alongside BNP when the heart is under strain.

Heavy Metal Basic Panel (5520) (Access Medical Labs)

A heavy metal blood test or urine test is a panel of tests that help measure the amount of heavy metal toxicity in your blood, urine or other body tissue or fluid. While “heavy metals” is a broad term, some of the most common metals that are tested for include lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, copper, zinc, aluminum and thallium. Sometimes, these tests are also known as heavy metal toxicity tests. So how do heavy metals get into your system? You can breathe them in, eat them or absorb them through your skin. Some small quantities of essential element metals are needed in order to survive and regulate bodily functions – like chromium, iron and zinc. These metals can be incorporated in safe levels with supplements. However, overexposure to metals can be toxic to humans and can cause heavy metal poisoning. This heavy metal concentration in your body can cause harmful health effects like organ damage and dysfunction, neurological and muscular degeneration, cancer, allergies and even death. Getting a heavy metal test is useful to determine the levels of heavy metals in your system.

Heavy Metals

The Vibrant Heavy Metals test is a urine-based test to screen for 20 of the most common heavy metals known to accumulate and cause adverse health effects in the human body. This test can be taken either provoked or non-provoked. - Heavy metal toxicity is under-represented as a root cause of illness and disease in humans, is thought to affect over 1 million individuals annually, and can affect virtually all biological systems within the human body - Heavy metals may be the root cause of common neurological disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, autoimmune diseases, and disorders associated with increased oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction - Due to the ability of many heavy metals to deplete critical nutrients such as antioxidants and minerals, the Vibrant Heavy Metals test should be run alongside a Vibrant Micronutrient panel, to assess both intra- and extracellular levels of commonly affected nutrients - Populations at greater risk of heavy metal toxicity include developing fetuses, children, and the immunocompromised, as well as individuals with impaired liver function and

Heavy Metals Profile I, Blood

The "Heavy Metals Profile I, Blood" panel offered by LabCorp is a comprehensive diagnostic tool designed to assess exposure to several significant heavy metals. This test typically includes the analysis of blood levels of metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic. These metals are known for their potential toxicity and adverse health effects when they accumulate in the body. Lead exposure, for instance, can affect the nervous system, kidneys, and reproductive system and is especially harmful to children, causing developmental delays and learning difficulties. Mercury exposure can lead to neurological and behavioral disorders and is particularly dangerous for pregnant women due to its potential effects on fetal development. Cadmium, often found in industrial workplaces, can cause kidney damage and is a known carcinogen, while arsenic exposure, which can occur through contaminated water, food, or industrial processes, is linked to skin lesions, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.

Hemoglobin Fractionation Profile

The Hemoglobinopathy Evaluation Profile Blood Test, or Hemoglobin Fractionation, aids in the diagnosis of hemoglobinopathy, an inherited blood disorder characterized by the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin (known as a variant) or decreased hemoglobin production (known as thalassemia). Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in red blood cells (RBCs) that binds to oxygen and helps transport it throughout the body. The shape, size and function of RBCs may be altered when hemoglobin variants are present, which could result in inefficient oxygen transportation and premature destruction of the cells, leading to hemolytic anemia. Symptoms of hemolytic anemia include weakness, fatigue, jaundice and pale skin. Severe hemoglobinopathies, such as homozygous Hb S (Sickle Cell Anemia), can result in symptoms such as episodes of acute pain, shortness of breath and an enlarged spleen. Normal hemoglobin types include: - Hemoglobin A: makes up about 95%-98% of Hb found in adults; it contains two alpha and two beta protein chains.

Hepatic Detox Profile

The body continually attempts to eliminate chemical toxins through enzymatic processes in the liver. Urinary D-glucaric acid, a byproduct of Phase I detoxification, is an indicator of chemical exposure to over 200 chemicals. Urinary mercapturic acids are excreted end products of Phase II detoxification. Together, assessment of these two analytes provides valuable information about exposure to xenobiotics, liver disease and the ability of the liver to eliminate toxins. This non-invasive test requires a single, first morning void (= FMV) urine collection.

Histamine Determination, Urine

The Histamine Determination, Urine test measures the level of histamine eliminated through the urine, typically collected over a 24-hour period. Histamine is a biologically active compound stored primarily in mast cells and basophils, which are immune cells involved in inflammatory and allergic responses. When these cells are activated, histamine is released into surrounding tissues and the bloodstream, where it contributes to many classic allergy symptoms. Histamine plays several important roles in the body. It helps regulate immune responses, gastric acid secretion, and communication between nerve cells. However, when histamine is released excessively or cannot be properly broken down, it can lead to a variety of symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. After histamine is released and metabolized, a portion is excreted in urine. Measuring urinary histamine provides insight into how much histamine is being produced or released in the body over time.

Hormone & Urinary Metabolites Assessment Profile

The Hormone and Urinary Metabolites Assessment Profile (HuMap) provides a comprehensive overview of hormones and their metabolites, as well as efficiency of enzymes involved in their metabolism. The Hormone and Urinary Metabolites Assessment Profile (HuMap) provides a comprehensive overview of steroid hormones, their metabolites, and the efficiency of the enzymes that metabolize these hormones. This non-invasive test requires only 4 or 5 separate urine collections. Because the breakdown of hormones relies so heavily on processes within the liver, this test can also help reveal patterns of liver metabolism and conjugation. Additionally, testing urinary hormone metabolites can contribute to further understanding of endogenous hormone secretion, supplemental hormone utilization, enzyme activity, oxidative stress, and insight into how your body metabolizes hormones.

Hormone Report (Labrix, Doctor's Data)

The Comprehensive Hormone Profile reports hormone levels, and also calculates the Progesterone (Pg)/Estradiol (E2) ratio, which assesses the relationship between estradiol, which can drive cellular proliferation, and progesterone, which mitigates that growth and potentiates cellular differentiation. Hormones are powerful molecules essential for maintaining physical and mental health. We frequently think of estrogen as being a female hormone, and testosterone as being a male hormone. But men AND women make both, plus several more that need to be in balance for optimum health. An imbalance of any one hormone can throw your physical and mental health out of balance, causing aggravating and even serious health problems. One size does not fit all when it comes to hormones. For decades western medicine has prescribed hormone replacement therapy as if everyone needed the same thing and the same amount. Nothing could be further from the truth. Your hormones are like your fingerprints and in order to achieve optimal health, you need to know what your specific imbalances are.

HPA (NeuroLab)

NeuroLab is a leading specialist in the research, analysis, and development of biomarkers associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. Optimal HPA function is foundational to peak performance of the body’s neuroendocrine communication system.

HSV 1/2 IgG/IgA/IgM antibodies

HSV IgG Blood Test

Reviewed by HealthMatters Clinical Review Team · Last updated February 2026 Key Takeaways The HSV IgG test detects past exposure to herpes simplex virus — it does not diagnose an active outbreak or tell you when you were infected A positive result does not mean you are currently contagious, will develop symptoms, or need treatment HSV-1 and HSV-2 are distinct viruses — the type-specific IgG test tells you which one (or both) you have encountered IgG antibodies take 3–6 weeks to appear after initial infection — testing too early produces false negatives HSV is extremely common: roughly 67% of adults worldwide have HSV-1, most without ever knowing it If you have just received an HSV IgG blood test result and are not sure what it means, you are in the right place. The HSV IgG test does not detect the herpes virus itself — it detects whether your immune system has ever responded to it. A positive result means your body has encountered herpes simplex virus (HSV) at some point in the past.

HU Antibody Screen w/Refl to Titer and WB

The Hu Antibody Screen with Reflex to Titer and Western Blot (WB) panel is a specialized diagnostic test crucial for detecting paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, particularly small cell lung cancer-related disorders. This test is designed to identify Hu antibodies, which are indicative of an immune response where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own nervous system in reaction to a cancer. If initial screening is positive, the test reflexively proceeds to a titer to quantify the antibody levels and a Western Blot for confirmation. The presence of Hu antibodies is often associated with encephalomyelitis and sensory neuronopathy, making this test a vital tool in early cancer detection and managing complex neurological conditions.

IBD Expanded Panel (Inflammatory Bowel Disease)

A panel of serological markers that helps distinguish Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis and flags Crohn's disease at higher risk of an aggressive course. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder of the lower gastrointestinal tract. It takes three main forms — Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and indeterminate colitis (IC) — and affects roughly 0.3% of adults. Telling one form from another is often difficult and time-consuming, and the diagnostic gold standard, endoscopy with biopsy, is invasive. Blood-based serological markers offer a less invasive way to support the differential diagnosis and to signal disease likely to behave aggressively. The two long-established markers are anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and atypical perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA). ASCA are directed against a carbohydrate in the cell wall of baker's/brewer's yeast — a dietary and gut antigen rather than the body's own tissue — and are seen predominantly in Crohn's disease. pANCA is seen predominantly in ulcerative colitis.

IgG Allergens (14), Molds

The Allergen Profile, Mold (LabCorp) detects possible allergic responses to various substances in the environment and evaluates for hay fever, asthma, atopic eczema, and respiratory allergy.

IgG Subclass Deficiency

What Is the IgG Subclass Deficiency Panel? The IgG Subclass Deficiency Panel is a blood test that measures the levels of the four IgG (Immunoglobulin G) subclasses: IgG1 IgG2 IgG3 IgG4 These subclasses are all part of the IgG antibody family, which plays a crucial role in your immune system's ability to recognize and fight off bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. While total IgG may appear normal, an individual may still be deficient in one or more subclasses—this is known as an IgG subclass deficiency. Why Is This Test Ordered? This panel is typically ordered if you: Have frequent or recurrent infections, especially of the sinuses, lungs, or ears Show signs of a weakened immune system Have a normal total IgG level but suspected immune dysfunction Are being evaluated for a primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) Are being monitored for certain autoimmune or inflammatory conditions What Each IgG Subclass Does IgG1: The most abundant subclass, important for response to protein antigens (like tetanus or diphtheria).

IgG Yeasts Allergy Test

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) food testing is a useful guide for structuring elimination diets for patients with many chronic conditions. Individuals with neurological, gastrointestinal, movement, and behavioral disorders often suffer from IgG food sensitivities. People may continue to eat offending foods unaware of their potential adverse effects. Symptoms associated with food sensitivities may occur hours or days after the offending food was eaten because IgG food antibodies remain for a much longer time than traditional IgE antibodies. As immunological reactions, IgE food allergy causes the release of histamine, producing an immediate hypersensitivity reaction, in which symptoms appear within minutes or hours. In contrast, food sensitivity is a non-IgE allergy characterized by the measurement of IgG antibodies specific to antigenic food proteins. This IgG food allergy is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in which symptoms appear anywhere from hours to days after eating the offending food.

ILDdx Profile (RDL)

This test is used for evaluating Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) associated with various autoimmune disorders such as Systemic Sclerosis (SS), Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM), and ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV). Identifying an underlying autoimmune condition in ILD patients is crucial for guiding therapeutic decisions and significantly influences prognosis.

Immune System

The Immune System category includes biomarkers that help evaluate how well your body identifies, responds to, and regulates threats such as infections, inflammation, and autoimmune activity. These tests measure different arms of the immune system, including antibodies, inflammatory proteins, complement activity, and clotting-related markers influenced by immune responses. This category covers a broad range of clinical insights—such as the presence of autoantibodies seen in autoimmune disorders, markers of joint or tissue inflammation, immune-mediated neuromuscular conditions, and tests that help assess abnormal clotting associated with immune dysfunction. Together, these biomarkers assist in detecting immune activation, identifying autoimmune diseases, monitoring chronic inflammatory conditions, and guiding treatment decisions. Whether assessing unexplained symptoms, tracking an autoimmune diagnosis, or evaluating the body’s response to infections, the Immune System category provides a comprehensive view of the body’s defense and regulatory mechanisms.

ImmunoCAP Specific IgE Blood Test (Allergy Testing by Quest Diagnostics)

The ImmunoCAP Specific IgE blood test, offered by Quest Diagnostics, is a highly specialized diagnostic tool used to detect specific IgE antibodies in the blood, which are associated with allergic reactions. This test is pivotal in the accurate identification of allergies to substances such as foods, pollens, molds, animal dander, and insect stings. Utilizing cutting-edge technology, the ImmunoCAP® system is renowned for its precision and sensitivity, making it a preferred choice among healthcare professionals for allergy testing. By measuring the concentration of specific IgE antibodies, the test provides valuable information that can assist in the diagnosis and management of allergic conditions, leading to personalized treatment plans and improved patient care. This detailed approach to allergy testing is integral in understanding individual allergic responses and in devising strategies for effective management and mitigation of allergy symptoms.

Immunodeficiency Panel

IMMUNODEF.PANEL(T/B/NK)

Immunoserology of Lyme

What is Immunoserology of Lyme? The Immunoserology of Lyme panel is a serum-based test that uses advanced ELISA methodology to detect both active and chronic Lyme disease, including complications such as Lyme arthritis and neuroborreliosis. This panel measures IgM and IgG antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi and its subspecies (B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. miyamotoi), as well as potential tick-borne co-infections like Babesia, Bartonella, and Ehrlichia. By analyzing antibodies to multiple Borrelia antigens—such as Outer Surface Proteins (OspA, OspB, OspC, OspE), Variable Major Protein (VMP), and Leukocyte Function Associated Antigen (LFA)—the test provides a more precise and reliable diagnosis than standard Lyme assays. Why Accurate Lyme Testing Matters Lyme disease often mimics autoimmune or neurological conditions, making misdiagnosis common. False positives can lead to unnecessary treatment and side effects. False negatives may delay care, increasing the risk of arthritis, meningitis, or long-term neurological complications.

Infectious Disease Profile

Includes Interpretation Tips, Risk Insights, and Treatment Guidance Updated: July 13, 2025 (BD) The Infectious Disease Profile includes a range of diagnostic biomarkers used to detect and monitor infections caused by viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens. A key focus of this profile is hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver that can lead to serious health outcomes if left untreated. What Is Hepatitis? Hepatitis refers to liver inflammation, which can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). While some cases resolve on their own, others progress to fibrosis (liver scarring), cirrhosis (permanent liver damage), or even liver cancer. Common Causes of Hepatitis: Viral infections (the most common cause worldwide) Toxic substances such as alcohol or certain medications Autoimmune diseases Other infections not directly linked to hepatitis viruses Types of Hepatitis Viruses: There are five main hepatitis viruses—Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E—each with unique modes of transmission, severity, and long-term effects: Type Transmission Risk of Chronic Disease Common in Hepatitis A (HAV)

Kappa/Lambda Light Chain, Free w/Ratio,Rand Urine

The Kappa/Lambda Light Chain, Free w/Ratio, Random Urine panel from Quest Diagnostics is a crucial diagnostic test for detecting and monitoring multiple myeloma and other disorders related to abnormal or excessive production of immunoglobulin light chains. This test measures the levels of kappa and lambda free light chains, along with their ratio, in urine. The precise quantification of these light chains and their ratio is essential for diagnosing conditions like light chain multiple myeloma or primary systemic amyloidosis. Quest Diagnostics, renowned for their advanced diagnostic technology and accuracy, ensures reliable results for this test, making it an invaluable tool for healthcare professionals in the early detection and management of these complex conditions. This test is also instrumental in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment regimens for patients with plasma cell dyscrasias, contributing significantly to patient care and outcomes.

Kidney Health

Your kidneys help maintain blood pressure, keep the blood's acid-base level within a healthy range, and filter the blood so nutrients are absorbed and waste is passed out of the body as urine. Your kidney function reflects how well your kidneys are filtering your blood. Abnormal kidney function could result in the accumulation of waste products in the body, which can cause fatigue, headaches, nausea, and more.

LabCorp (various)

LabCorp operates one of the largest clinical laboratory networks in the world. Labcorp is a leading global life sciences company. With a mission to improve health and improve lives, Labcorp delivers world-class diagnostic solutions, brings innovative medicines to patients faster and uses technology to improve the delivery of care.

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Isoenzymes Test

The Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Isoenzymes test measures the level of the different lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in the blood. LDH, also known as lactic acid dehydrogenase, is a type of protein, known as an enzyme. LDH plays an important role in making your body's energy. It is found in almost all the body's tissues. When tissues are damaged or diseased, they release LDH isoenzymes into the bloodstream. The type of LDH isoenzyme released depends on which tissues are damaged. This test can help your provider find out the location and cause of your tissue damage. The five isoenzymes are found in different amounts in tissues throughout the body: LDH-1: found in heart and red blood cells LDH-2: found in white blood cells. It is also found in heart and red blood cells, but in lesser amounts than LDH-1. LDH-3: found in lung tissue LDH-4: found in white blood cells, kidney and pancreas cells, and lymph nodes LDH-5: found in the liver and muscles of skeleton

Lactate/Pyruvate, Filtrate

Lectin Zoomer

The Lectin Zoomer by Vibrant Wellness is an advanced blood test that measures immune reactivity to a wide range of dietary lectins—proteins found in foods like wheat, beans, lentils, peanuts, soy, tomatoes, and other plant-based sources. Using high-sensitivity microarray technology, the panel evaluates IgG and IgA antibodies to help identify potential lectin-related immune responses that may contribute to digestive discomfort, bloating, joint pain, skin issues, or autoimmune flares. Unlike standard food sensitivity panels, the Lectin Zoomer focuses specifically on lectin-containing foods and cross-reactive proteins, offering deeper insight for individuals following elimination diets, autoimmune protocols, or gut-healing programs. Results can help guide personalized nutrition strategies aimed at reducing inflammation and supporting gut barrier integrity. This test is commonly used in functional and integrative medicine to explore hidden food triggers, optimize dietary plans, and support patients with IBS, leaky gut, autoimmune conditions, or unexplained inflammatory symptoms.

Lifestyle Dashboard

Lipid Panel

Your lipid panel reports several numbers: total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides. This page explains what each of them means and how they fit together. Lipid Panel: Understanding Your Cholesterol and Triglyceride Results A lipid panel is a blood test that measures cholesterol and triglycerides in your bloodstream. These markers help assess cardiovascular risk, metabolic health, and long-term disease risk. A lipid panel is one of the most commonly ordered lab tests and is often included in routine health screening, annual physicals, and preventive care evaluations. If you are reviewing your lipid panel results, this guide explains what each marker means, what is considered optimal, and what steps you can take if your numbers fall outside the recommended range. What is a lipid panel? A lipid panel (also called a cholesterol panel or lipid profile) measures different types of fats in your blood. These fats are essential for hormone production, cell structure, and energy storage, but abnormal levels can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and metabolic conditions.

Lipoprotein Particles and Apolipoproteins

The Lipoprotein Particles and Apolipoproteins category focuses on biomarkers related to cholesterol and fat transport in the body. These include various types of lipoproteins, like LDL and HDL, and apolipoproteins, which are protein components of lipoproteins. Analyzing these markers provides insights into cardiovascular risk, helping to assess the potential for heart disease and stroke. This category is key for understanding lipid metabolism and guiding interventions for heart health.

Liver Health

The liver, one of the most vital organs in the human body, performs a range of critical functions including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. This category encompasses a variety of tests and markers designed to evaluate the health and functionality of the liver. Key tests in this category include liver function tests (LFTs) like Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Bilirubin, which are essential for assessing the liver's ability to process toxins, produce proteins, and manage bilirubin, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Other significant markers include Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), which can indicate liver damage or disease, and albumin and total protein levels, reflecting the liver's synthetic capacity. Elevated or decreased levels of these markers can signal various liver conditions, ranging from hepatitis, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, to potential impacts from medications or alcohol consumption.

LRA (Lymphocyte Response Assay)

Conventional therapies for autoimmune conditions involve some combination of immune suppressive therapies. In contrast, the LRA (Lymphocyte Response Assay) by ELISA/ACT is a way of determining for each individual what items are burdening the immune system and a system for restoring immune competence. By looking directly at lymphocytes, the LRA detects all 3 types of delayed food and chemical hypersensitivities to as many as 512 items. Reactive items are an adverse load on your body’s immune defenses. This means a reduced ability to respond to new or chronic infections. Reactive items also decrease immune activities needed to repair your body. This can provoke inflammation and self-attack ("autoimmunity"). Avoid strong reactors for six (6) months and moderate reactors for three (3) months to reduce the burden on the immune system and restore your body’s ability to repair. Avoiding reactive items can break the cycle of impaired defense and repair, allowing your body to start the recovery and repair process.

Lupus Anticoagulant Comp

The Lupus Anticoagulant Comprehensive category includes specialized coagulation tests used to detect lupus anticoagulant activity, an immune-mediated clotting abnormality caused by antiphospholipid antibodies. Lupus anticoagulants are antibodies that interfere with phospholipid-dependent clotting reactions in laboratory tests. Despite their name, they are associated with an increased risk of blood clots, not bleeding. Their presence is a defining feature of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and may also occur in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), other autoimmune diseases, infections, or transient immune activation. This category evaluates how antiphospholipid antibodies affect clotting pathways using functional coagulation assays, including dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)-based assays, confirmatory ratios, and phospholipid neutralization tests. These tests help distinguish lupus anticoagulant activity from factor deficiencies, anticoagulant medications, or other causes of prolonged clotting times.

Lyme Disease Serology

Aid in the diagnosis of Lyme disease in individuals with clinical signs and symptoms consistent with Lyme disease. Lyme disease should be considered based on the presence of typical signs and symptoms of infection in patients with a history of possible exposure to infected ticks. This panel utilizes FDA-cleared assays following the modified two-tiered testing (MTTT) algorithm.

Lyme Testing

Lyme disease is diagnosed using a two-step testing process recommended by the CDC. Understanding which test you had — and what your result means — depends on knowing where in that process your result sits. Step 1 — Screening test (ELISA, EIA, or CIA) The first step is a blood test that measures your overall antibody response to Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. This test may appear on your report as: ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) EIA (enzyme immunoassay) CIA (chemiluminescent immunoassay) — a newer method increasingly used by LabCorp and Quest Lyme Ab Screen Lyme Total Antibody A negative screening result typically ends the testing process. A positive or equivocal result triggers the second step. Step 2 — Western blot (confirmatory test) The Western blot identifies which specific Borrelia burgdorferi proteins your immune system has produced antibodies against. Results are reported band by band. There are two separate panels: IgG panel — 10 bands; positive requires 5 or more reactive. Reflects past or longer-standing exposure.

Lymph Monitoring

Lymphocyte Activity Profile

Also known as: Lymphocyte Act. Profile; T cell count; CD4 count; lymphocyte subsets; TBNK; CD4/CD8 count; B cell count; CD19 count; CD20 count This test measures percentages and absolute numbers of lymphocytes, CD3 T cells, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells and in lymphocyte subsets also B cells and NK cells. Lymphocytes in peripheral blood (circulation) are heterogeneous and can be broadly classified into T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. There are various subsets of each of these individual populations with specific cell-surface markers and function. This assay provides absolute and relative quantitation for the main categories of T cells, B cells, and NK cells. Each of these lymphocyte subpopulations have distinct effector and regulatory functions and are maintained in homeostasis under normal physiological conditions. Each of these lymphocyte subsets can be identified by a combination of one or more cell surface markers. The CD3 antigen is a pan-T-cell marker, and T cells can be further divided into 2 broad categories, based on the expression of CD4 or CD8 coreceptors.

Lymphocyte Subset Panel 2

The Lymphocyte Subset Panel 2 is an advanced diagnostic tool that plays a pivotal role in immunological profiling, offering invaluable insights into the body's immune system. This comprehensive panel is designed to analyze specific subsets of lymphocytes, including T cells, B cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, and their various subpopulations, providing a detailed overview of immune function. Crucial for diagnosing and monitoring a range of immune-related conditions, this panel is particularly relevant in the context of autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiencies, and in the management of patients with cancer, especially those undergoing immunotherapy. By quantifying subsets like CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells (characterized by CD16 and CD56 markers), the Lymphocyte Subset Panel 2 enables clinicians to assess the immune system's balance and responsiveness. This test is indispensable in clinical settings for evaluating the immune status of patients with recurrent infections, autoimmune disorders, or as part of the pre- and post-treatment assessment in cancer therapy.

Male Comprehensive Metabolic Performance Profile (Urine) Physicians Lab

Physicians Lab offers a variety of urine testing to support wellness and integrative medicine professionals. They have designed their comprehensive Urine Hormone Panel to offer some of the most precise results available for total and free hormones, as well as metabolites in the body.

MALE: First AM Comp - Urine Profile + Metabolites (Physicians Lab)

Physicians Lab offers a variety of urine testing to support wellness and integrative medicine professionals. They have designed their comprehensive Urine Hormone Panel to offer some of the most precise results available for total and free hormones, as well as metabolites in the body.

Memory T Cells

Metabolic Analysis Markers (Urine)

The Metabolic Analysis Profile (Urine) measures four critical areas of metabolism: gastrointestinal function and dysbiosis markers, cellular and mitochondrial energy metabolites, neurotransmitter metabolites, and functionally important organic acid metabolites of amino acids.

Metabolic Health

Metabolic health refers to how efficiently the body converts nutrients into energy, regulates blood sugar, and maintains hormonal and cellular balance. It plays a critical role in energy levels, weight control, insulin sensitivity, hormone regulation, and long-term risk for conditions such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. This category includes biomarkers used to evaluate glucose metabolism, insulin function, pancreatic health, hormonal signaling, and mitochondrial energy production. Together, these markers help detect early metabolic dysfunction—often years before clinical disease develops. Core metabolic biomarkers assess fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR, and insulin resistance scores, providing insight into how effectively the body produces and responds to insulin.

Metabolite Ratios (Urine) - DUTCH

The Metabolite Ratios section of the DUTCH test evaluates how your body is processing and detoxifying estrogens. These ratios compare different estrogen metabolites to help identify whether your estrogen metabolism is protective, balanced, or potentially risky. The DUTCH test reports three key ratios: 2-OH / 16-OH-E1 Balance 2-OH / 4-OH-E1 Balance 2-Methoxy / 2-OH Balance 1. 2-OH / 16-OH-E1 Balance This ratio compares two major estrogen metabolites: 2-OH-E1 → Often considered the safer pathway; weakly estrogenic and may help block cell overgrowth. 16-OH-E1 → More estrogenic; can promote tissue growth and may contribute to estrogen-dominant symptoms. Why it matters: A higher ratio (more 2-OH compared to 16-OH) is generally considered more favorable for long-term hormone balance. A lower ratio may suggest that estrogen is being metabolized in a way that could increase stimulation of estrogen-sensitive tissues. 2. 2-OH / 4-OH-E1 Balance This ratio evaluates: 2-OH-E1 → Protective, as above.

Metals Acute Poisoning Panel, Blood (CSA)

The Metals Acute Poisoning Panel, Blood (CSA) offered by Quest Diagnostics is a laboratory test designed to detect and measure the presence of various heavy metals in the blood, which can indicate acute poisoning. This panel includes the analysis of the following elements: Antimony Arsenic Bismuth Cadmium Chromium Cobalt Copper Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Selenium Thallium These elements are analyzed to assess potential exposure to toxic metals. The test is particularly useful for individuals who have been exposed to environments or substances containing these metals, as acute poisoning can lead to serious health issues. Symptoms of heavy metal poisoning vary depending on the specific metal involved but may include gastrointestinal distress, neurological symptoms, and organ dysfunction. If you suspect exposure to any of these metals, consulting a healthcare professional is essential. They can provide guidance on appropriate testing, interpretation of results, and potential treatment options.

Methionine Metabolism Profile (NutriPATH)

Methylation is a process where certain nutrients called ‘methyl donors’ are added to specific elements of DNA, our gene markers and proteins that keep them physiologically active. Methylation is a major pathway to focus on in understanding autoimmune and neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis, seizure disorders, dementia, chronic fatigue syndrome, lupus, depression, anxiety and autism spectrum disorders. Methylation is responsible for making, maintaining and repairing DNA. The methylation cycle is a biochemical pathway that manages or contributes to a wide range of biochemical functions: detoxification, supporting DNA (turning genes on and off), producing energy, reducing inflammation, synthesising neurotransmitters, homocysteine metabolism, protein methylation, phase 2 liver detoxification and supporting immune function. Inadequate methylation capacity can lead to birth defects, depression, cognitive decline, and cancer. Impaired methylation has even been associated with autism.

Methylation & Folate Metabolism

This category includes biomarkers that measure how well your body carries out methylation, a core biochemical process involved in energy production, detoxification, DNA repair, neurotransmitter balance, immune health, and hormone regulation. Many of these markers also reflect the activity of the folate cycle, which supplies the methyl groups needed for optimal cellular function. Tests in this category evaluate key molecules such as SAM (S-adenosylmethionine), SAH (S-adenosylhomocysteine), folate derivatives (like 5-MTHF, 5-Formyl-THF, 10-Formyl-THF), and related cofactors. Imbalances can indicate issues such as impaired methylation, nutrient deficiencies (including folate, B12, or B6), oxidative stress, or increased metabolic demand.

Methylation Panel

Methylation is a biochemical process in which methyl groups (CH3) are transferred or donated between molecules, thereby changing their structure and function. This happens billions of times per second in every cell throughout the body. The methylation cycle is dependent on amino acids, vitamin cofactors, and minerals obtained from the diet to ensure adequate function of this biochemical pathway. The incredibly vast processes in the body that depend upon methylation are what ultimately make functional testing for methylation impairment a valuable clinical tool. Some of these processes include, but are not limited to: - creatine production for skeletal muscle contraction - DNA and RNA synthesis - gene regulation (epigenetics) - hormone regulation and detoxification - energy production - cell membrane repair - fat metabolism - myelination - immune function - neurotransmitter production and metabolism - vascular endothelial function and nitric oxide production To keep these processes functioning optimally, there is a necessary balance between many different biochemical pathways.

Micronutrient (Vibrant America)

This test provides a comprehensive extracellular and intracellular assessment of the levels of the most important vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, fatty acids, and amino acids to help you make healthy lifesstyle choices in consultation with your healthcare provider.

Micronutrient Test, Spectracell Laboratories

SpectraCell Micronutrient Test: Advanced Cellular Nutrition & Health Assessment SpectraCell Laboratories, a CLIA-certified clinical laboratory in Houston, Texas, offers advanced cellular nutrition testing designed to identify hidden micronutrient deficiencies. As a leader in functional medicine diagnostics, SpectraCell provides detailed analysis of essential vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, amino acids, and metabolic compounds—giving patients and clinicians clear, actionable insights to support optimal health. Why Choose SpectraCell? Measures nutrient status inside white blood cells, providing a more accurate reflection of long-term nutrient utilization than standard serum tests. Uses proprietary functional testing technology to detect deficiencies that may contribute to fatigue, immune dysfunction, mood imbalances, inflammation, and other chronic symptoms. Offers supplementary panels, including telomere length testing and a cardiometabolic risk profile, for deeper insight into biological aging and metabolic health.

Minerals & Metals Test

The Minerals & Metals Test by EquiLife is an at-home hair analysis designed to assess long-term mineral levels and detect toxic heavy metal exposure in the body. This test provides a comprehensive view of how your body metabolizes essential minerals and its burden of harmful metals, offering valuable insights into your overall health. What the Test Measures Essential Minerals: Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and others crucial for energy production, muscle function, and cellular communication. Toxic Heavy Metals: Arsenic, lead, mercury, aluminum, and cadmium, which can accumulate in the body and disrupt physiological functions. Why This Test Is Important Mineral Imbalances: Long-term deficiencies or excesses in minerals can affect energy levels, hormone balance, and the body’s stress response. Heavy Metal Toxicity: Exposure to heavy metals through the environment, food, or water can lead to health issues such as fatigue, cognitive difficulties, and chronic inflammation.

Minerals & Trace Elements

Category Overview Minerals & Trace Elements are inorganic nutrients required for normal physiological function. They play essential roles in enzyme activity, immune defense, hormone signaling, bone integrity, neurological function, antioxidant systems, and cellular metabolism. Unlike vitamins, minerals are elements and cannot be synthesized by the body. This category includes both macrominerals (needed in larger amounts) and trace elements (needed in smaller amounts but equally critical for health). What This Category Covers This category is designed to group laboratory biomarkers that assess: Nutritional mineral status Absorption and utilization Deficiency or excess states Mineral balance and interactions (e.g., zinc–copper) Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, or malabsorption impacts Biomarkers may be measured in serum, plasma, whole blood, urine, hair, or stool, depending on clinical context.

Mitochondrial Enzyme Activity – Buccal (MITOSwab)

The Mitochondrial Enzyme Activity – Buccal (MITOSwab) category includes a set of specialized biomarkers that assess how well mitochondria are functioning using cells collected from the inside of the cheek. This non-invasive method measures both mitochondrial content and respiratory chain activity, offering insight into how efficiently your cells produce energy. Mitochondria are responsible for generating ATP—the body’s primary energy source. When they are stressed or functioning poorly, symptoms can affect multiple body systems, including fatigue, muscle weakness, cognitive issues, developmental delays, metabolic challenges, and neurological concerns. Buccal mitochondrial testing helps identify patterns that may indicate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, or imbalances in energy production.

Mold Allergy Panel

The Mold Allergy Panel detects immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in the blood, which are produced in response to specific mold allergens. This test evaluates immune responses to five common molds associated with allergies: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cladosporium herbarum, and Mucor racemosus. An allergic reaction to mold allergens can range from uncomfortable to severe. Mold exposure symptoms usually develop within a few minutes to a few hours. It is important to identify which allergens may trigger an allergic response. This panel can help determine whether you have had or currently have an allergic reaction to mold allergens. If you are experiencing any of the signs and symptoms listed in the "Signs & Symptoms" section below, this test may be for you. The test requires a blood sample to measure IgE antibody levels made by your immune system in response to common indoor and outdoor mold allergens, offering a quick and convenient way to test for multiple allergens simultaneously.

Muscle Health

Keeping your muscles healthy will help you to be able to walk, run, jump, lift things, play ... Healthy muscles let you move freely and keep your body strong.

Myasthenia Gravis Profile

What Is the Myasthenia Gravis Profile? The Myasthenia Gravis (MG) Profile is a blood test panel used to help diagnose myasthenia gravis, a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the connection between nerves and muscles. This condition causes muscle weakness, especially in the eyes, face, throat, and limbs, and symptoms often get worse with activity and improve with rest. The MG Profile looks for specific autoantibodies that interfere with normal muscle activation, helping doctors confirm or rule out the diagnosis. Why Is This Test Important? Myasthenia gravis can sometimes be difficult to diagnose based on symptoms alone, especially in its early stages. The MG Profile detects antibodies that are highly specific to this disease, enabling a more accurate diagnosis and helping guide treatment decisions. What Does the MG Profile Measure? The panel may include testing for one or more of the following antibodies: Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibodies The most common antibodies in MG, targeting receptors that help muscles receive nerve signals.

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma refers to a group of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are known to cause respiratory, urogenital, and systemic infections in humans. The most well-known species, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a common cause of atypical pneumonia and other upper respiratory tract infections. At HealthMatters.io, we help you interpret your Mycoplasma-related lab results in a clear and actionable way—so you can better understand what your body is telling you and what to do next. Key Mycoplasma Biomarkers We Cover: Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM Detects early or recent infection by measuring IgM antibodies, which are typically produced at the onset of illness. Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgG Indicates past exposure or a later stage of infection. Helpful for confirming previous infection or tracking immune response. Mycoplasma PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Identifies the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA—considered one of the most accurate ways to detect active infection. Mycoplasma hominis & Mycoplasma genitalium Often tested via PCR in urogenital infections.

MycoTOX Profile (Mold Exposure)

What Is the MycoTOX Profile? The MycoTOX Profile is a specialized urine test designed to detect multiple mycotoxins—harmful chemicals produced by molds found in food and indoor environments. Common sources include grains, spices, nuts, and areas with water damage, leaks, or humidity issues in homes and workplaces. This test uses creatinine correction to adjust for urine concentration, allowing for more reliable results and easier monitoring over time. Why Test for Mycotoxins? Mycotoxin exposure is a frequent concern worldwide, especially through contaminated foods and poor indoor air quality. While healthy people often clear low-level exposures, recurring or elevated exposure can cause non-specific symptoms, such as fatigue, headaches, sinus congestion, respiratory irritation, or skin problems. Those living or working in moisture-damaged buildings, with asthma, or with environmental sensitivities may face higher risks. Importantly, the MycoTOX Profile identifies exposure—not specific diseases—empowering targeted prevention and remediation. Who Should Consider MycoTOX Testing?

Mycotoxin Panel (RealTime Laboratories)

RealTime Lab's Total Mycotoxin Panel: Comprehensive Mycotoxin Testing RealTime Lab’s Total Mycotoxin Panel detects 16 of the most toxigenic mycotoxins, including 9 macrocyclic trichothecenes linked to Stachybotrys—commonly referred to as “Black Mold.” This advanced test employs competitive ELISA, a highly sensitive detection method that utilizes antibodies tailored to target mycotoxins. Accurate and Easy-to-Understand Mycotoxin Test Results The Total Mycotoxin Panel delivers results in a clear, numeric format, measuring toxin levels in parts-per-billion (ppb) as standardized by the FDA, WHO, CDC, and food industry for clinical use. Key Features of Test Results: Detection Status: Indicates whether toxins are present, not present, or equivocal. Detection Ranges: Shows the precise measurement ranges for each mycotoxin. This user-friendly reporting ensures both patients and healthcare providers can interpret results with ease. What Are Mycotoxins? Mycotoxins are harmful toxic metabolites produced by molds.

Mycotoxins (Vibrant America)

The Vibrant Mycotoxins test is a urine-based assay for 31 of the most common mycotoxins produced by molds to which humans are exposed. Individuals most at risk for mycotoxin exposure include those who live or work in older buildings, those who have known exposure to water-damaged buildings, and those with impaired immune responses or higher levels of oxidative stress. Mycotoxins complicate human health in a number of ways and their presence in the human body can lead to a number of serious health concerns, including autoimmune disease and cancer. There may be higher incidence of autoimmune or neurological symptoms in your patients with mycotoxin toxicity. Consider screening for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, connective tissue disorders, celiac disease, and neurological autoimmunity along with mycotoxin testing. Treatment of mycotoxin exposure should include a holistic approach to eradicate the mold from the individual, thorough and professional removal of mold from environmental sources, and continued testing to monitor reductions in mycotoxin levels post-intervention.

myDNA Comprehensive Health Report

myDNA Comprehensive Health Report The myDNA Comprehensive Health Report is an advanced DNA methylation and genetic testing panel designed to give a deep, personalized understanding of your genetic blueprint. By analyzing key genetic markers, this test helps uncover how your DNA influences digestion, hormones, energy, stress, inflammation, detoxification, and overall health. Unlike standard health tests, this report goes beyond surface-level results, providing actionable insights for both patients and practitioners. With a focus on preventative health and wellness, it identifies genetic strengths and potential weaknesses, guiding tailored nutrition, lifestyle, and treatment strategies. What the test measures The report examines 92 genes and 113 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) across major areas of health, including: Digestion – insights into nutrient absorption, gut health, and food sensitivities. Energy – how your body converts food into usable energy. Hormones – genetic markers affecting hormone balance and metabolism.

Neural Zoomer Plus

The Neural Zoomer Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers very specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural Zoomer Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens, which may have connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. With a panel of 48 of the most well-studied neurological autoantibodies, the Neural Zoomer Plus is able to guide providers in treatment protocols by pinpointing the mechanisms behind disease progression and providing a roadmap to solutions and improved health outcomes in this challenging arena of disease. The test also has optional additional genetic testing for the ApoE genotype, which has been shown to influence risk for certain neurological conditions. The Vibrant Neural Zoomer Plus aims to reduce the prevalence of neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.

Neuro Basic Profile (Labrix, Doctor's Data)

Comprehensive Guide to Urinary Neurotransmitter Testing and Its Role in Health What Are Neurotransmitters and Why Are They Important? Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that play a crucial role in communication within the nervous system. They enable signals to pass between neurons across synapses, influencing and regulating vital processes such as: Mental performance Emotional regulation Pain response Energy levels While neurotransmitters primarily function within the Central Nervous System (CNS), they also interact with the body’s glands, organs, and muscles, making them essential for overall health. Urinary Neurotransmitter Testing: A Window into Whole-Body Health Urinary neurotransmitter testing provides an overall assessment of the body’s ability to produce, regulate, and break down neurotransmitters. Since the same enzymes, cofactors, and precursors influence neurotransmitter metabolism in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, urinary levels offer valuable clinical insights into whole-body neurotransmitter activity.

Neurotransmitter Metabolites (Urine) - DUTCH

The Neurotransmitter Metabolites section of the DUTCH test measures organic acids that are the breakdown products (metabolites) of important brain chemicals. These markers provide insight into how your body is producing and processing dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin-related pathways. The DUTCH test reports three main urinary metabolites: Homovanillate (HVA) – The primary metabolite of dopamine. Dopamine supports motivation, focus, mood stability, and motor control. Low HVA may suggest reduced dopamine production or turnover. High HVA may be linked to increased dopamine metabolism, stress, or certain metabolic states. Vanilmandelate (VMA) – The main metabolite of norepinephrine and epinephrine. These neurotransmitters regulate alertness, energy, blood pressure, and the body’s stress response. Low VMA may indicate low catecholamine output. High VMA can occur with chronic stress or in certain adrenal conditions. Quinolinate – A metabolite from the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism.

Neurotransmitter XL

A comprehensive map of stress biology, neurotransmitters, and tryptophan metabolism Neurotransmitter XL is a broad, functional assessment of the brain–body chemical messengers that shape mood, focus, sleep, energy, and resilience to stress. The panel investigates more than 30 biomarkers that span classic neurotransmitters (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, serotonin), inhibitory/excitatory balance (GABA and glutamate), the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway, catecholamine metabolism, key enzyme activities, essential cofactors (B vitamins, SAM, BH4), and objective markers linked to mitochondrial function and nitrosative stress. Modern life exposes many people to persistent stressors—performance pressure, family or relationship challenges, uncertainty around work or finances. These factors engage neuroendocrine stress axes that raise cortisol and catecholamines. Over time, chronic stress can deplete neurotransmitters and strain cellular energy production, contributing to low mood, fatigue, sleep disruption, brain fog, and “burnout.”

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers used by the nervous system to relay information from one nerve to another. Optimal neurotransmitter balance is required to maintain proper health. Imbalances can cause the brain and the body to be over- or under-stimulated, producing neurological or psychological symptoms. Genetics, environment, chemicals and nutritional deficiencies are a few factors that can impact neurotransmitter production. Once out of balance, the nervous system begins to compensate – which, in time, can lead to neurological or psychological symptoms. Some of the more common psychological conditions today are known to be accompanied by neurotransmitter imbalances. However, it’s also possible for individuals to present with similar symptoms yet have unique foundational imbalances. Testing helps clarify these root issues.

Neurotransmitters (VibrantWellness)

The Neurotransmitters test is a test to measure inhibitory, excitatory, and other neurotransmitters, their precursors, and their derivatives to determine imbalances. Neurotransmitters are chemical molecules that our bodies can't function without. They facilitate chemical signals or messages from one neuron to the next target cell, which can be another nerve cell, a muscle cell, or a gland. Neurotransmitters are critical to determining mental performance, emotions, pain response, and energy levels. Because hormones are interconnected with neurotransmitters, an imbalance in adrenal and sex hormones may lead to neurotransmitter imbalances which could feedback negatively and cause hormonal imbalances. Thus, a combination of testing hormone and neurotransmitter levels is recommended to provide the physician with a comprehensive assessment of the hormonal and neurotransmitter dysfunctions, supporting the identification of underlying causes of symptoms.

Neurotransmitters-Intermediate

Neurotransmitter-Intermediate Profile – Functional Testing for Mood and Cognitive Health Effectively assessing and treating mood disorders requires more than just observation—it demands objective clinical data. Traditional care often relies on a trial-and-error approach to psychiatric medications, guided by patient self-reports and clinician evaluations. While this can work for some, it may also lead to delays in finding the right treatment and increases the risk of side effects or worsening symptoms during interim failures. The Neurotransmitter-Intermediate Profile provides an evidence-based alternative by offering a four-point urine analysis that measures nine key neurotransmitters involved in emotional, cognitive, and metabolic regulation. These neurotransmitters influence a wide range of physiological and psychological functions, including mood, hormone balance, sleep, stress response, pain perception, appetite, memory, and focus.

Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies

The Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) panel is a critical diagnostic tool in the field of immunology, particularly for identifying a group of autoimmune diseases known as ANCA-associated vasculitides. These diseases, including Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA), and Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), are characterized by inflammation and damage to blood vessels throughout the body. The ANCA panel primarily tests for two types of antibodies: Anti-Proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA) and Anti-Myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA), which target enzymes found in neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. The presence and pattern of these antibodies, identified through methods such as indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), provide valuable information for diagnosis. In IIF, PR3-ANCA typically shows a cytoplasmic staining pattern (c-ANCA), while MPO-ANCA exhibits a perinuclear pattern (p-ANCA), although ELISA provides a more specific detection.

NutriStat

NutriStat: The Ultimate Nutritional and Metabolic Health Test Panel The NutriStat Profile is a cutting-edge diagnostic test designed to optimize your nutritional and metabolic health through a simple blood and urine sample. This comprehensive test evaluates a wide range of biomarkers, offering valuable insights into areas such as metabolic health, thyroid function, cardiovascular health, and hormonal balance. By identifying functional nutritional needs, the NutriStat profile empowers individuals to take proactive steps toward better health and disease prevention. What Does the NutriStat Profile Assess? The NutriStat Profile analyzes key biochemical markers to provide a detailed overview of your body’s nutritional and functional status. It covers: 1. Mineral and Metal Status Assesses levels of essential minerals such as magnesium, zinc, and selenium. Screens for heavy metal exposure, including lead, mercury, and cadmium. 2. Essential Fatty Acids Evaluates omega-3 and omega-6 balance, crucial for inflammation control, brain health, and cardiovascular function. 3.

NutriStat Basic Profile

The NutriStat Basic Profile by US BioTek Laboratories is a comprehensive nutritional assessment tool designed to provide valuable insights into an individual's nutritional status and potential deficiencies. This panel includes an array of tests that measure various biomarkers related to nutrient levels, metabolic function, and overall health. Typically, the NutriStat Basic Profile assesses levels of essential vitamins such as B12, D, and folate, along with key minerals like magnesium, zinc, and selenium. Additionally, it evaluates amino acids, fatty acids, and other critical compounds necessary for optimal body function. By analyzing these biomarkers, healthcare practitioners can identify specific nutrient deficiencies or imbalances that may be contributing to health issues such as fatigue, weakened immune function, or chronic diseases. The results from this panel enable personalized nutritional interventions, allowing for tailored dietary recommendations and supplement regimens to address specific needs.

Nutritional Organic Acids (Urine) - DUTCH

The Nutritional Organic Acids section of the DUTCH test measures organic acids in urine that act as functional indicators of nutrient status. When the body is low in certain vitamins, amino acids, or antioxidants at the cellular level, related organic acids can build up and be excreted in urine. In some cases, these functional markers are more reliable than measuring the nutrient directly in blood, because they reflect how well your body is actually using the nutrient—not just how much is circulating. Key Markers in This Category Methylmalonate (MMA) Marker for vitamin B12 status. High levels may indicate a cellular B12 deficiency, even if blood B12 appears normal. B12 is essential for nerve health, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation. Xanthurenate Linked to vitamin B6 status. Elevated levels suggest impaired B6-dependent enzyme function, often related to inflammation or poor amino acid metabolism. B6 is needed for neurotransmitter production and hormone balance. Kynurenate Also influenced by vitamin B6 status and tryptophan metabolism.

NxGen MDx Vaginosis Test

The NxGen MDx Vaginosis Test looks for 99% of the causes of community-acquired vaginal infections, helping your doctor distinguish between different types of infections without relying on symptoms alone. Bacterial vaginosis, or BV, is a common vaginal infection in women. It is the most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age, including pregnant women. While it is not a sexually transmitted disease (STD), some sexual behaviors increase the chances for BV. Women who have never had sex can also have BV. How is it spread? The vagina contains many different types of bacteria. Normally, there are large numbers of "good" bacteria that keep the number of "harmful" bacteria very low. Bacterial vaginosis occurs when this balance is upset and there are more "harmful" bacteria than "good" bacteria. The cause of BV is not fully understood. The risk of BV is higher if you: Have a new sex partner or multiple sex partners Do not use condoms Have a female sexual partner with BV BV is more common in lesbian and bisexual women than in other women. The reason for this is unknown.

OmegaCheck

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids (PUFA) required by the body for proper functioning, normal growth and the formation of neural synapses and cellular membranes. Omega-3 and -6 fatty acids are considered “essential” and obtained primarily from dietary sources. Three of the most important omega-3 fatty acids are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Omega-3 fatty acids are primarily obtained from food sources. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects, and can help to reduce triglyceride levels. Two of the most important omega-6 fatty acids are arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA). Omega-6 fatty acids are obtained from animal sources and plant oils, and have pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic properties at high levels. - Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids reduces the occurrence of major acute cardiac events in healthy individuals or patients with cardiovascular risk factors or who have cardiovascular disease.

OmegaQuant

OmegaQuant is an independent, CLIA-certified lab that offers Omega-3 Index, Vitamin D, Prenatal DHA and Mother’s Milk DHA testing to researchers, clinicians and the public.

OMX Organic Metabolomics / Diagnostic Solutions

OMX™ Organic Metabolomics Test – Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory The OMX™ Organic Metabolomics Test is an advanced functional health assessment that analyzes organic acids, amino acids, and other key metabolites to provide a detailed view of your body’s metabolic function and nutrient needs. Developed by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory, this test offers insights into how well your body processes food, generates energy, detoxifies, and responds to environmental stressors. What Does the OMX™ Test Measure? The OMX™ test evaluates biomarkers related to: Metabolic pathway efficiency Mitochondrial energy production Amino acid balance and utilization Nutrient and vitamin cofactor levels Detoxification and oxidative stress Gut microbial metabolites and dysbiosis Mood and neurotransmitter metabolism Who Should Consider the OMX™ Test?

One Day Hormone Check

One Day Hormone Check: Comprehensive Salivary Hormone Testing The One Day Hormone Check is a non-invasive salivary hormone test designed to assess bioavailable, unbound hormone levels over a 24-hour period. This test provides insights into key hormones, including: - Estrogen markers – Estradiol, Estrone, Estriol - Progesterone & the P/E2 ratio (Progesterone-to-Estradiol) - Testosterone - Cortisol (stress hormone) - DHEA (precursor to sex hormones) - Melatonin (sleep-regulating hormone) Who Can Benefit from the One Day Hormone Check? This test helps identify hormonal imbalances that impact both men and women. It is particularly useful for: Men experiencing symptoms of andropause (male menopause) Women navigating perimenopause or menopause Individuals with adrenal dysfunction, chronic stress, or sleep disturbances By analyzing hormone interactions—such as sex hormones, adrenal function (DHEA & cortisol), and sleep-wake cycles (melatonin)—clinicians can personalize hormone replacement therapy (HRT), nutritional interventions, and lifestyle recommendations.

Organic Acids

Organic acids panels are used to test for the organic acids present in urine, which are byproducts of daily cellular metabolism. These organic acid markers offer valuable insights into identifying the underlying causes of chronic symptoms. By following known metabolic pathways and enzyme-cofactor requirements, healthcare providers can use these markers to detect imbalances, toxicity, and inflammation in chronically or acutely ill patients with complex illnesses. The comprehensive information provided by organic acids testing, in conjunction with other diagnostic tests, allows practitioners to form a complete clinical picture of the root causes of a patient's condition. This, in turn, guides the development of personalized and effective interventions.

Organic Acids Metabolomic Mapping

The Organic Acids Metabolomic Profile is a nutritional test providing insights into organic acids and a view into the body’s cellular metabolic processes. Additionally, children’s reference ranges are designed to provide more accurate paediatric nutritional evaluations. Identifying metabolic blocks that can be treated nutritionally allows individual tailoring of interventions that maximize patient responses and lead to improved patient outcomes. The Organic Acids Metabolomic profile provides vital patient information from a single urine specimen. This organic acids nutritional test is valuable for determining: - Functional vitamin and mineral status - Amino acid insufficiencies like carnitine and NAC - Oxidative damage and antioxidant need - Phase I & Phase II detoxification capacity - Functional B-complex vitamin need - Neurotransmitter metabolites - Mitochondrial energy production - Methylation sufficiency - Lipoic acid and CoQ10 status - Markers for bacterial and yeast overgrowth - Oxalate markers - Nutritional markers

Organic Acids Profile (US BioTek)

The Organic Acids Profile (OAP) offered by US BioTek Laboratories provides an excellent overview of mitochondrial and primary biochemical functions. The analytes on the OAP can detect problems with the body’s processing of dietary macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) or problems with the Citric Acid Cycle (CAC), one of the primary pathways in the mitochondria. The OAP also provides an overview of bacterial metabolism in the gastrointestinal microbiome, which can have profound effects on the health, and on biochemical and detoxification functions of the human host. Recent scientific advances illuminate the importance of inheritance (genetic and epigenetic), environment and nutrition for human health and wellness. Pollution, malnutrition, or other physical or psychological stress can dysregulate or inhibit primary biochemical pathways, mitochondria, the gut microbiome, and detoxification functions. If an individual has inherited low-activity enzyme variants, such stressors may be enough to shift them from health to disease.

Organic Acids Test (OAT) - Nutritional and Metabolic Profile

Written By: B. Dame Updated On: January 27, 2025 Discover how the Organic Acids Test (OAT) from MosaicDX provides insights into metabolic health, gut dysbiosis, nutrient deficiencies, and chronic health conditions with 76 biomarkers in a single, easy-to-collect urine test. What is the Organic Acids Test (OAT)? The MosaicDX Organic Acids Test (formerly Great Plains Laboratory) is a powerful, non-invasive tool that evaluates 76 organic acids in a single, easy-to-collect urine sample. This test offers unparalleled insight into metabolic health, revealing imbalances in metabolic pathways and identifying nutrient deficiencies that may contribute to chronic health conditions. The OAT test provides crucial data for individuals with neurological disorders, chronic illnesses, or symptoms like fatigue, anxiety, or digestive issues. By analyzing a wide range of metabolic markers, the OAT helps uncover underlying causes of complex symptoms and guides personalized treatment strategies. What Does the Organic Acids Test Measure?

Organic Acids, Comprehensive, Quantitative

This test is intended for the diagnosis and monitoring of inherited disorders affecting multiple metabolic pathways. Organic acidurias are inherited disorders resulting from a deficient enzyme or transport protein. Although most are autosomal recessive disorders (= two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop), several are X-linked. The more than 60 described organic acidurias affect many metabolic pathways including amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, the urea cycle, the Krebs cycle and fatty acid oxidation. These disorders are characterized by a wide variety of symptoms such as lethargy, coma, hypotonia, seizures, ataxia, vomiting, failure to thrive, developmental delay, liver disease, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Severity of presentation is highly variable as is age of onset, and patients may not present with the most characteristic features.

Organic Acids, Plasma

Organic Acids, Urine assay, is the preferred test when screening for inherited disorders of metabolism. This plasma test is not as sensitive and will only detect the organic acids listed.

Organix Comprehensive Profile - Urine

Organix Comprehensive Profile: Unlocking Key Insights into Cellular Metabolism The Organix Comprehensive Profile is a cutting-edge nutritional test that provides a deep dive into the body's metabolic health by analyzing organic acids. This test offers a detailed look at cellular processes, helping identify potential imbalances that affect overall well-being. What Are Organic Acids? Organic acids are crucial metabolic byproducts produced during processes like: Energy production in cells Detoxification pathways Neurotransmitter metabolism Intestinal microbial activity Elevated levels of specific organic acids in urine can indicate metabolic blocks or dysfunctions caused by: Nutrient deficiencies Genetic enzyme deficiencies Toxin accumulation Side effects of medications Additionally, certain biomarkers in this test highlight bacterial or yeast overgrowth in the gut, offering insights into intestinal health. Why Choose the Organix Comprehensive Profile?

Other

This category includes all markers that do not fall into any of the other categories.

Oxidative Stress & Antioxidant Status

This category includes biomarkers that evaluate how well your body manages oxidative stress, a natural process that occurs when cells produce energy, detoxify chemicals, or respond to inflammation. These tests measure key antioxidants—especially glutathione, the body’s most important detoxifying and free-radical–neutralizing molecule—as well as markers that reflect redox balance, cellular resilience, and detoxification capacity. Oxidative stress plays a major role in cellular aging, inflammation, immune function, mitochondrial energy production, and the body’s ability to neutralize toxins. When antioxidant systems become overwhelmed, oxidative damage can affect lipids, proteins, DNA, and overall metabolic health.

Pancreas Health

The pancreas is a glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans, it is located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. It is an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide which circulate in the blood. The pancreas is also a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the chyme.

Paraneoplastic Ab

Paraneoplastic Antibodies (Paraneoplastic Ab) What Are Paraneoplastic Antibodies? Paraneoplastic antibodies are a group of autoantibodies produced by the immune system in response to certain types of cancer (neoplasms). Instead of only attacking cancer cells, these antibodies may mistakenly target healthy nerve or brain tissue, leading to a set of conditions known as paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS). These antibodies serve as biomarkers—helping doctors detect the presence of an underlying tumor and explaining unexplained neurological symptoms. Why Are These Antibodies Important? Paraneoplastic antibodies can help: Identify a hidden (occult) cancer before it causes obvious symptoms Explain neurological symptoms that do not have a clear cause Support a diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis, neuropathy, cerebellar degeneration, or myelopathy Guide cancer screening and neurologic workup Common Paraneoplastic Antibodies Include: Anti-Hu (ANNA-1) – often linked to small cell lung cancer Anti-Yo (PCA-1) – associated with breast or gynecologic cancers Anti-Ri (ANNA-2) – seen in

PARANEOPLASTIC AB EVAL W/REFL TITER/LB, BASIC

What is a paraneoplastic antibody panel? Paraneoplastic antibody panels look for autoantibodies associated with paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS). These are rare immune-driven conditions where the body’s immune response to a tumor accidentally targets parts of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, or cerebellum). This “Basic” evaluation is typically used as a screening tool in people with neurologic symptoms that are not explained by more common causes (stroke, infection, vitamin deficiency, structural lesions, etc.). Why this test may be ordered Clinicians may order this panel when symptoms suggest an autoimmune or paraneoplastic process, such as: Rapidly worsening coordination or gait problems (ataxia) Peripheral neuropathy (numbness, tingling, burning pain) Weakness, fatigue, or autonomic dysfunction Confusion, memory loss, mood/personality changes Seizures or encephalitis-like symptoms Vision changes or abnormal eye movements Because PNS can sometimes appear before a cancer is diagnosed, detecting a paraneoplastic antibody can

Parvovirus

Fifth disease is a mild rash illness caused by parvovirus B19. It is more common in children than adults. A person usually gets sick with fifth disease within four to 14 days after getting infected with parvovirus B19. This disease, also called erythema infectiosum, got its name because it was fifth in a list of historical classifications of common skin rash illnesses in children. Signs & Symptoms The symptoms of fifth disease are usually mild and may include fever runny nose headache rash You can get a rash on your face and body You may get a red rash on your face called “slapped cheek” rash. This rash is the most recognized feature of fifth disease. It is more common in children than adults. Some people may get a second rash a few days later on their chest, back, buttocks, or arms and legs. The rash may be itchy, especially on the soles of the feet. It can vary in intensity and usually goes away in seven to 10 days, but it can come and go for several weeks. As it starts to go away, it may look lacy.

PFAS (FOREVER CHEMICALS) 9 PANEL

PFAS (Forever Chemicals) 9 Panel by Quest Diagnostics The PFAS (Forever Chemicals) 9 Panel by Quest Diagnostics is a comprehensive blood test designed to measure the levels of 9 specific PFAS chemicals in the body. PFAS, also known as "forever chemicals," are human-made substances that have been used in a variety of products since the 1940s. These chemicals are persistent in the environment and the human body due to their strong carbon-fluorine bonds, which makes them durable and resistant to heat, water, oil, and dirt. However, this same durability raises concerns as PFAS can accumulate in the environment and in human bodies over time. What Are PFAS and Why Are They a Concern? PFAS (pronounced "pea-fass") have been used in a range of products, including nonstick cookware, water-repellent clothing, firefighting foams, stain-resistant fabrics, and more. While these chemicals provide benefits such as durability and resistance, their persistent nature means they do not naturally break down and can accumulate in water, air, soil, and human blood.

PLATELET ANTIBODIES

PLATELET AUTOANTIBODIES

Pneumococcal Ab (23 Serotype)

Streptococcus Pneumoniae IgG Antibody Test This test measures IgG antibody levels to Streptococcus pneumoniae to evaluate how well a person has responded to pneumococcal vaccination. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacteria responsible for most cases of pneumonia, as well as other serious conditions like bronchitis, septicemia, and meningitis. Pneumonia is especially dangerous for young children, adults over 65, and individuals with weakened immune systems. There are several pneumococcal vaccines available, with the two most common being Prevnar13 (PCV13) and Pneumovax23 (PPSV23). PCV13 provides protection against 13 pneumococcal serotypes, while PPSV23 covers 23 serotypes. Depending on age and risk factors, a person may be recommended to receive one or both vaccines. After vaccination, this blood test helps verify if sufficient IgG antibody levels have been developed to protect against infection.

Porphyrins, Quantitative, Random Urine

Urine porphyrins are useful for the evaluation of cutaneous (=relating to or affecting the skin) photosensitivity to exclude porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a part of a spectrum of diseases that arise as a result of abnormal enzymes in the biosynthesis of heme. It is caused by the deficiency of the uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase (UROD) enzyme and should be differentiated from other porphyrias. Evaluation of neurologic and/or psychiatric symptoms associated with acute porphyrias (=a group of rare disorders characterized by an enzymatic defect in the heme biosynthetic pathway), such as acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), requires urine porphobilinogen (PBG) testing.

Profile 1, Trace Elements (Hair)

The Profile 1, Trace Elements (Hair) test panel, offered by Trace Elements Inc., is a comprehensive diagnostic tool designed to assess the levels of various trace elements and heavy metals in the body through hair analysis. This test measures the concentrations of both essential and toxic elements, providing a valuable insight into an individual's nutritional status and potential exposure to toxic elements. Elements commonly analyzed include calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, and toxic metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic. Hair is an excellent medium for this analysis because it accumulates trace elements over time, offering a unique long-term view of mineral status and exposure to toxic substances. The results from this test can aid healthcare professionals in identifying potential deficiencies or excesses of essential minerals, as well as exposure to toxic elements, which can be critical in diagnosing various health conditions and developing tailored treatment plans.

Progesterone Metabolites (Urine) - DUTCH

Progesterone is a key reproductive hormone that plays a central role in menstrual cycle health, fertility, and hormonal balance. In women, progesterone is secreted in significant amounts only after ovulation during the luteal phase. One of its main roles is to balance the effects of estrogen—helping support a healthy uterine lining, stabilizing mood, and promoting overall well-being. Adequate luteal-phase progesterone levels are essential for successful implantation and pregnancy. Why Measure Progesterone Metabolites Instead of Progesterone Itself? Only a very small amount of parent progesterone appears in urine. Instead, the DUTCH test measures progesterone metabolites, which are breakdown products of progesterone in the body. These metabolites provide a reliable estimate of circulating progesterone. Advantages of urinary metabolites over single-time blood or saliva tests: A serum or saliva test shows progesterone at a single moment. A urinary metabolite result reflects an average production since the last urination, offering a broader view of hormone activity.

Prostate

Protein Electrophoresis and Total Protein, Random Urine

This test is used to analyze the protein content in urine. The proteins are separated into 5 major components: albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and gamma. Interpretation of elevations, decreases, or visual changes in different components and/or associated patterns can provide information on various disease states, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, different types of kidney injury, plasma cell disorders, and cancers. This panel is used to evaluate an individual with symptoms associated with potential monoclonal gammopathy, or when an individual has abnormally high total protein, albumin, or immunoglobulin levels. This test can help with initial diagnosis, as well as monitoring disease progression and treatment effectiveness. Although a 24-hour UPEP is recommended for diagnosis and monitoring, sometimes a random UPEP is ordered at the discretion of the clinician to help guide the diagnostic process in the right direction. One advantage of a UPEP is that no special handling is required, which may be an important factor depending on clinical conditions.

Protein, Total and Protein Electrophoresis, 24 Hour Urine and Immunofixation

The test panel comprising Protein, Total and Protein Electrophoresis, 24 Hour Urine, and Immunofixation is an important diagnostic tool used in medical laboratories to assess and monitor various health conditions. The Total Protein test measures the total amount of protein in the urine over a 24-hour period and is crucial in evaluating kidney function and diagnosing kidney disorders. High levels of protein in urine, known as proteinuria, can indicate kidney damage or disease, as the kidneys are normally responsible for preventing excessive protein loss. Protein Electrophoresis, specifically in a 24-hour urine sample, separates proteins based on their size and charge. This test is vital for identifying the specific types of proteins being excreted, which can provide valuable insights into underlying health issues. For example, the presence of abnormal proteins, like Bence Jones protein, can be an indicator of multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer. Immunofixation is another critical component of this panel.

Quest Diagnostics

The "Quest Diagnostics" category encompasses a wide array of medical laboratory tests and markers typically performed by Quest Diagnostics, a leading laboratory services provider. This category includes tests ranging from routine blood and urine analyses to more specialized diagnostic tests. These tests are crucial for detecting and monitoring various health conditions, including metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, cancer, and hormonal imbalances. Quest Diagnostics is known for utilizing advanced testing technologies and methodologies, ensuring accuracy and reliability in their results. This category serves as a comprehensive resource for individuals and healthcare providers looking to understand the various tests offered by Quest Diagnostics, aiding in early diagnosis, treatment planning, and ongoing health management.

Quest Diagnostics Urine Markers

Quest Diagnostics provides essential urine marker tests, which are vital for diagnosing and monitoring a range of health conditions. These non-invasive tests detect substances in urine that indicate diseases such as diabetes, kidney disease, and infections, as well as drug use. They are a key component of routine health screenings, aiding in early disease detection and treatment efficacy monitoring. The accuracy and reliability of these tests play a significant role in advancing personalized medicine, ensuring tailored and effective patient care.

RealTime Laboratories

RealTime Lab is known for its mycotoxin test panel where they are testing for the presence of 16 of the most common and toxic mycotoxins produced by indoor mold contaminants.

Ri Antibody Screen with Reflex to Titer and Western Blot

The Ri Antibody Screen with Reflex to Titer and Western Blot is a diagnostic panel offered by Quest Diagnostics, designed to detect the presence of Ri antibodies in the blood. Ri antibodies are autoantibodies, meaning they are produced by the body's immune system against its own tissues, specifically targeting neuronal (nerve cell) proteins. The presence of these antibodies is associated with a group of conditions known as paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS), which are rare disorders that can affect various parts of the nervous system. These syndromes often develop in people who have cancer, as the immune system's response to the tumor mistakenly attacks neurons, leading to neurological symptoms. The initial part of the test, the Ri Antibody Screen, uses an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) technique to detect antibodies. If this screening test is positive, indicating the potential presence of Ri antibodies, the test reflexes, or automatically proceeds, to additional testing methods, such as a titer and possibly a Western Blot.

Rickettsiosis

Rickettsiosis is a term for a group of diseases caused by a type of bacteria called Rickettsia, which are often spread by ticks, fleas, and lice. The most well-known of these diseases is Rocky Mountain spotted fever, which is transmitted by tick bites and can cause symptoms like a high fever, headache, and a rash that starts on the wrists and ankles and then spreads. Another common rickettsial disease is typhus, which can be spread by fleas or lice and often causes high fever, headache, and a rash that typically starts on the body and spreads outwards. These diseases can be serious, but they can usually be treated effectively with antibiotics if they're caught early. It's important to prevent rickettsiosis by avoiding tick and flea bites, using insect repellent, and staying away from areas where these insects live. If you think you might have been bitten by a tick and start to feel sick, it's important to see a doctor right away, especially if you develop a fever or rash.

Semen analysis

A semen analysis measures the quantity and quality of both the liquid portion, called semen, and the microscopic moving cells called sperm. Semen is the turbid, whitish substance that is released from the penis during ejaculation. Sperm are the cells in semen with a head and a tail that enables them to travel to the egg. A typical semen analysis could measure: - the volume of semen - the macroscopic appearance - the semen viscosity (thickness) - sperm concentration, - total number of sperm - sperm motility (the percentage that are able to move, as well as how vigorously and straight the sperm move) - the number of normal and abnormal (defective) sperm - coagulation and liquefaction (the time it takes the semen to go from a gel to a liquid state) - fructose level (a sugar in semen) - pH (acidity) - the number of immature sperm, and - the number of white blood cells (cells that indicate infection).

Sensory Motor Neuropathy Complete Antibody Panel

Sensory-motor neuropathies may occur by various mechanisms. These include development of autoantibodies to neuronal structures such as myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibody, Hu antibody, and the ganglioside antibodies. Sensory-motor neuropathies may also occur via antibody cross-reactivity or local immune complex deposition as seen in autoimmune disease with primarily non-neuronal targets including Sjogren's syndrome (SSA/SSB), systemic lupus erythematosus and related conditions (ANA IFA), celiac disease (tTG antibody), vasculitis (ANCA), and immune complex deposition (cryoglobulins, rheumatoid factor). Motor-sensory neuropathy may be associated with monoclonal gammopathy (serum immunofixation and serum immunoglobulins).

Serum Antibody Testing for Mycotoxins

MyMycoLab is a laboratory specializing in blood serum antibody testing for mycotoxins. They offer testing for 12 different mycotoxins, measuring both IgG and IgE antibodies. This provides a comprehensive look at how the body is reacting to mycotoxins, either through a toxicological or allergic response. Mycotoxins and molds are often referred to as "The Great Masquerader" by the World Health Organization, as they mimic a wide range of illnesses and conditions, making them difficult to diagnose and treat. The first step in understanding whether you are affected by mycotoxins and molds is through testing. Molds are biological organisms, while mycotoxins are toxic substances, which are far more dangerous. A blood serum test is the most precise and accurate method for detecting your body’s reaction to mycotoxins, whether from toxicity or allergy. Toxin-producing molds are always present in water-damaged homes or workplaces.

Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP)

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is a blood test that separates the proteins in serum into distinct fractions based on their electrical charge and size. The result is reported as a tracing with six regions: albumin, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta-1 globulin, beta-2 globulin, and gamma globulin. Each region reflects different protein populations with distinct clinical significance, and the pattern of changes across all fractions together provides more diagnostic information than any individual value alone. What SPEP is used for: Detecting monoclonal proteins (M-spikes) — the hallmark finding in MGUS, smoldering myeloma, and multiple myeloma Evaluating unexplained changes in total protein or globulin levels Screening for polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia in chronic infection, autoimmune disease, or liver disease Interpreting individual protein fraction changes as part of inflammatory, nutritional, or immune workups Monitoring known plasma cell disorders over time How individual fractions are interpreted: Albumin is the dominant fraction and the primary marker of

Sexually transmitted disease

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person through sexual contact. STDs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Examples include gonorrhea, genital herpes, human papillomavirus infection, HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, and syphilis. Some STDs can be passed from a pregnant person to the baby, either during pregnancy or when giving birth. Other ways that STDs may be spread include during breastfeeding, through blood transfusions, or by sharing needles. STDs don't always cause symptoms or may only cause mild symptoms. So it is possible to have an infection and not know it. And even without symptoms, STDs can still be harmful and may be passed on during sex.

Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) panel

Clinical Pathology Laboratories (CPL) offers a comprehensive Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) panel, designed to detect various infections commonly transmitted through sexual contact. This panel typically includes tests for several key STDs such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B and C, Syphilis, Chlamydia, and Gonorrhea. The tests used in the panel employ a combination of methodologies, including nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests, among others, to accurately identify the presence of these infections. HIV testing usually involves antibody/antigen tests to detect the virus itself or the body's response to it. Hepatitis B and C tests look for markers of these viruses in the blood, including antigens and antibodies, to indicate current or past infections. Syphilis is generally tested through serological assays to detect antibodies produced in response to the Treponema pallidum bacterium.

Sjogren's Antibodies

Sjögren's Syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly reacts to the tissue in glands that produce moisture, such as tear and salivary glands. Sjögren's Syndrome can affect anyone at any age, but the majority of those afflicted are older than 40, and women are nine times more likely than men to have the disorder. It is estimated to be the second most common autoimmune disease, after lupus. Criteria for diagnosis include, for example, signs and symptoms and positive tests for ANA, anti-SSA and anti-SSB, and/or Rheumatoid factor (RF) as well as a positive salivary gland biopsy. anti-SSA antibodies are often found together with anti-SSB. However, anti-SSA antibodies alone are often found in lupus, particularly in limited forms of the disease. anti-SSA often appears before anti-SSB. Specific biomarkers to look at: SS-A (or Ro) and SS-B (or La): These are the marker antibodies for Sjögren's and the most common antibodies associated with Sjogren’s syndrome.

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)

What is small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)? SIBO is the accumulation of excessive amount of gut bacteria in the small intestine (at least 100,000 bacteria per ml of fluid). While bacterium naturally exist throughout the digestive tract, with highest concentrations of bacteria in the colon, a healthy individual should have relatively low levels of bacteria present in the small intestine. Any condition which impairs the normal transit or motion of the small intestine can increase the likelihood of getting SIBO, including lack of adequate stomach acid, damage to the intestine by toxins, or a decrease in the speed at which the small intestine transfers waste to the colon. In the U.S., some research studies have demonstrated that up to 80% of the IBS population, or 36 million individuals, suffer from SIBO. What is the small bowel? The small bowel, also known as the small intestine, is the part of the gastrointestinal tract that connects the stomach with the colon. The main purpose of the small intestine is to digest and absorb food into the body.

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) 3 Hour

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is an increase in the number of bacteria and/or the presence of atypical microbiota in the small intestine. Gram-positive flora might be present due to failure of the gastric acid barrier, whereas the presence of colonic bacteria may be due to failure of intestinal clearance and small intestinal anatomical alterations. The bacteria in SIBO are mainly colonic type bacteria, and it is hypothesized that it is the retrograde bacterial migration from the large intestine into the small intestine that leads to symptoms. These organisms produce gases, including hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and hydrogen sulfide (H2 S). The bacteria commonly found in SIBO include Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus mirabilis. The common methaneproducing organisms include archaea, such as Methanobrevibacter smithii, as well as bacteria, including certain Clostridium and Bacteroides species. There are many natural defense mechanisms against SIBO.

Sputum Culture, Bacterial

A sputum culture test is a laboratory analysis used to detect and identify bacteria or fungi that may be causing a respiratory tract infection. The test involves collecting a sample of sputum (mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract) and cultivating it in a lab to see what types of microorganisms grow. This helps in diagnosing infections like pneumonia, bronchitis, or tuberculosis. The results guide healthcare providers in choosing the most effective treatment, particularly in selecting the right antibiotics if a bacterial infection is identified. The test is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of respiratory infections.

Sterols, Plasma

Sterols, Plasma (GC/MS) Panel The Sterols, Plasma panel is a specialized blood test that measures cholesterol-related sterols and plant sterols to help evaluate how your body absorbs cholesterol, produces cholesterol, and processes related sterol compounds. This test is commonly used when a standard lipid panel (like LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides) doesn’t fully explain cardiovascular risk, treatment response, or suspected inherited sterol disorders. Unlike routine cholesterol testing, this panel provides deeper insight into cholesterol metabolism, including markers of cholesterol synthesis, intestinal absorption, and plant sterol exposure. Results may help clinicians personalize strategies such as dietary changes, cholesterol-lowering medications, and evaluation for rare metabolic conditions. What this panel measures This panel typically includes multiple sterols that fall into key metabolic categories: Cholesterol absorption markers These sterols can reflect how much cholesterol your body absorbs from the gut.

StoneRisk Diagnostic Profile

A stone risk profile is a panel of tests that assess the risk of kidney stone formation. The tests measure the levels of substances in the body that form and prevent stones. Kidney stones are small, pebble-like pieces of material that form in one or both of your kidneys. Kidney stones form when you have high levels of certain minerals or salts in your urine. Kidney stones can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pea, and sometimes even larger. Very small stones may pass out of your body when you urinate. Larger or odd-shaped stones can get stuck inside your urinary tract and block the flow of urine. This may cause severe pain or bleeding, and you may need treatment to get rid of the stones. But with treatment, kidney stones usually don't cause permanent damage.

Stool

In this category we look at digestion, absorbtion, gut immunology, gut metabolism, gut microbiology, beneficial bacteria and fecal fats.

Systemic Sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, multisystem, heterogeneous autoimmune disease. Individuals with SSc have a mortality rate approximately 2.8 times that of the general population. In the United States, the incidence is approximately 15 cases per 100,000 person-years. The disease is characterized by inflammation, vasculopathy, and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. SSc is frequently referred to as scleroderma; however, scleroderma includes SSc and localized forms of scleroderma that affect only the skin. The 2 main types of SSc are defined according to the pattern of skin involvement: limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc). In lcSSc, skin thickening is present distal to the elbows and knees, and facial skin thickening may or may not be present. In contrast, dcSSc is characterized by thickening of the skin of the whole extremity, as well as that of the anterior chest, abdomen, and back, with or without facial skin involvement.

T + B-Lymphocyte Differential

The "T + B-Lymphocyte Differential" panel by Labcorp is a comprehensive test that involves flow cytometry methodology to evaluate different subsets of lymphocytes in the blood. This test includes the analysis of various lymphocyte types such as T cells (CD3+), B cells (CD19+), and natural killer (NK) cells (CD3^{-}CD56+). It provides detailed measurements like the percentage and absolute counts of these cells, as well as the CD4:CD8 ratio, which is crucial in assessing immune system health. Specifically, the test measures the percentages and absolute counts of CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ helper/inducer cells, CD3+CD8+ suppressor/cytotoxic cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD3^{-}CD56+ NK cells. Additionally, it includes a complete blood count (CBC) with differential and platelet count. This panel is particularly useful in the classification and diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency diseases and in monitoring patients with AIDS. The test requires a whole blood specimen, collected in specific types of tubes, and it's important that the specimen is handled correctly to maintain its viability.

T Cell monitoring & Activation

The GI – Advanced Profile (US BioTek)

The GI – Advanced Profile is the most comprehensive stool test by US BioTek, building upon the Basic and Standard GI Microbiome profiles to offer 98 markers from 15 different testing categories. The profile combines different testing methodologies to offer highly sensitive results with industry-leading accuracy and reproducibility: PCR US BioTek uses real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests to qualitatively detect nucleic acid from various parasites, bacteria, and viruses. The RT-PCR platform is FDA-authorized and requires specialized equipment and personnel to identify DNA within cells. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a relatively simple and widely used molecular biology technique to amplify and detect DNA and RNA sequences. The use of PCR testing allows US BioTek to more precisely identify even the smallest amounts of markers within the stool providing accurate, reliable, and reproducible results. ELISA An established immunological technique, ELISA is widely used to detect the presence of specific antibodies or antigens in a patient’s blood.

The Lymphocyte MAP

Comprehensive Lymphocyte Immunophenotyping: A Breakthrough in Immune System Analysis FEATURES Unique Immunotypes for Comprehensive Insights The panel includes 14 immunotypes designed to uncover critical immune system trends by analyzing a wide range of determinants. Advanced Th1/Th2 Balance Analysis (Immunotypes 6 & 7) Utilizes the proprietary Cyrex Fluorescence-Activated Cell Test (Cyrex FACT™) to assess T-helper-1 (Th1) and T-helper-2 (Th2) dominance. Unlike traditional methods that measure cytokine levels, Cyrex FACT™ analyzes specific CD markers on the surface of Th1 and Th2 cells, offering a more precise and actionable insight into immune balance. Regulatory T Cells (Tregs, Immunotype 8) Evaluates Tregs, essential for maintaining the balance between Th1 and Th2 responses. Low Treg levels can contribute to issues such as immune suppression, autoimmune disorders, increased infections, and cancer.

Thyroid Panel

A Thyroid Panel is an essential health category for assessing thyroid function, a key aspect of metabolic health and well-being. This panel typically includes tests for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Thyroxine (T4), Free Triiodothyronine (T3), and sometimes Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPO Antibodies), providing a comprehensive view of thyroid health. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and body temperature. Abnormalities in thyroid function can lead to conditions such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), each with distinct symptoms and health implications. Hypothyroidism can cause fatigue, weight gain, and depression, while hyperthyroidism may lead to weight loss, anxiety, and heart palpitations. The Thyroid Panel is vital for diagnosing these conditions and is especially important for individuals experiencing symptoms of thyroid dysfunction, pregnant women, or those with a family history of thyroid disorders.

Tickborne Diseases 2.0

Tickborne Diseases 2.0 – Comprehensive Molecular & Serologic Panel by Vibrant Wellness Advanced testing for Lyme disease and other clinically relevant tickborne infections in the United States Tickborne diseases (TBDs) are among the fastest-growing vector-borne infections in the U.S., driven by expanding tick habitats and increased human exposure. The Tickborne Diseases 2.0 panel by Vibrant Wellness is a comprehensive, multi-pathogen test designed to improve detection of Lyme disease and other tick-associated infections using advanced serologic methodologies. This panel is structured to support clinicians in evaluating patients with acute, chronic, or unexplained inflammatory, neurologic, or multisystem symptoms where tick exposure is suspected. Why Tickborne Diseases Are Clinically Challenging Ticks can transmit pathogens after approximately 24–72 hours of attachment, depending on the organism and tick species.

Total Immunoglobulins

The Total Immunoglobulins panel measures four major antibody classes—IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE—to provide a comprehensive overview of immune system activity and balance. These antibodies play distinct but complementary roles in infection defense, immune memory, mucosal protection, and allergic responses. Evaluating immunoglobulin levels helps identify immune deficiencies, chronic or recurrent infections, autoimmune conditions, allergic disease, and abnormal immune activation. This panel is particularly useful for individuals experiencing frequent infections, unexplained inflammation, allergy-related symptoms, or those undergoing immunosuppressive or immune-modulating therapies. IgG (Immunoglobulin G) What it measures IgG is the most abundant antibody in the bloodstream and is central to long-term immune protection. It is produced after initial exposure to an infection and remains in circulation to provide immune memory and lasting defense.

Total Tox-Burden

The Total Tox Burden panel is a comprehensive test that screens for three major categories of toxins that can affect health: environmental toxins, mycotoxins (mold toxins), and heavy metals. By combining these into one test, it gives a broader picture of your body’s toxic load. What’s Included Mycotoxins: Detects 31 mold toxins that can come from water-damaged buildings, contaminated food, or environmental exposure. Mycotoxins can affect the immune system, energy levels, and overall health. Heavy Metals: Screens for 20 common heavy metals such as mercury, lead, and arsenic. These metals can accumulate in the body over time and may contribute to fatigue, cognitive changes, or organ stress. This test can be done with or without a provocation method. Environmental Toxins: Looks for chemicals from plastics, pesticides, and industrial pollutants that are often encountered in daily life. These toxins may disrupt hormones, metabolism, and cellular health. Why This Test Matters Everyday exposures—from food and water to household products and the environment—can build up in the body.

Toxic & Essential Elements (Hair)

Hair is an excretory tissue for essential, nonessential and potentially toxic elements. In general, the amount of an element that is irreversibly incorporated into growing hair is proportional to the level of the element in other body tissues. Therefore, hair elements analysis provides an indirect screening test for physiological excess, deficiency or maldistribution of elements in the body. Clinical research indicates that hair levels of specific elements, particularly potentially toxic elements such as cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic, are highly correlated with pathological disorders. For such elements, levels in hair may be more indicative of body stores than the levels in blood and urine. All screening tests have limitations that must be taken into consideration. The correlation between hair element levels and physiological disorders is determined by numerous factors. Individual variability and compensatory mechanisms are major factors that affect the relationship between the distribution of elements in hair and symptoms and pathological conditions.

Toxic & Essential Elements (Whole Blood)

Blood elemental analysis should be performed prior to the initiation of, and intermittently during, metal detoxification. Toxic metals disrupt essential element metabolism and are antagonistic to some elements such as cadmium to zinc and lead to calcium. Further, commonly utilized metal detoxification agents can cause significantly increased urinary wasting of some essential elements. Analysis of toxic elements/metals in whole blood is useful for assessment of recent or ongoing exposure to the toxins, but does not provide accurate information about net retention of toxic metals in the body. For example, blood lead levels peak about five hours after acute exposure and then decrease exponentially with a half-life in blood of about one month. Evaluation and elimination of ongoing exposure to toxic metals is another important component of efficient metal detoxification. Accurate assessment of essential element status in the most appropriate compartment is highly recommended for determination of appropriate supplementation.

Toxic Element Exposure Profile; Hair (Doctor's Data)

Hair Elements analysis provides information regarding recent and ongoing exposure to potentially toxic metals, especially methylmercury and arsenic, and time-averaged status of specific nutrient elements. This noninvasive screening test requires only .25 grams of hair. Doctor's Data offers a Hair Elements profile containing essential and toxic elements and a Hair Toxic Element Exposure profile containing an expanded lineup of toxic metals. Useful for: Toxic Element Exposure Excessive Fish Consumption Alopecia Depression Fatigue Malabsorption Hypertension Impaired Glucose Tolerance Kidney Function Parkinson's-like Symptoms Sexual Impotence or Decreased Testosterone Production Vision Problems -------------------- With respect to its contained elements, hair is essentially an excretory tissue rather than a functional tissue. Hair element analysis provides important information which, in conjunction with symptoms and other laboratory values, can assist the physician with an early diagnosis of physiological disorders associated with aberrations in essential and toxic element metabolism.

Toxic Metals (Stool)

Fecal elemental analysis provides a direct indication of dietary exposure to toxic metals and indirect information about the potential for toxic metal burden. Chronic, low-level assimilation of toxic metals can result in accumulation in the body. For many toxic metals, fecal (biliary) excretion is the primary natural route of elimination from the body. Specimen collection is convenient for the patient and only requires a single-step procedure. Elements are measured by ICP-MS and expressed on a dry weight basis to eliminate variability related to water content of the specimen.

Toxic Metals (Urine)

Analysis of the levels of toxic metals in urine after the administration of a metal detoxification agent is an objective way to evaluate the accumulation of toxic metals. Acute metal poisoning is rare. More common, however, is a chronic, low-level exposure to toxic metals that can result in significant retention in the body that can be associated with a vast array of adverse health effects and chronic disease. One cannot draw valid conclusions about adverse health effects of metals without assessing net retention. For an individual, toxicity occurs when net retention exceeds physiological tolerance. Net retention is determined by the difference between the rates of assimilation and excretion of metals. To evaluate net retention, one compares the levels of metals in urine before and after the administration of a pharmaceutical metal detoxification agent such as EDTA, DMSA or DMPS.

Toxic Metals; stool

If you're concerned about the possibility of heavy metal accumulation in your body, the Toxic Metals Panel Fecal Test measures fecal levels of antimony, arsenic, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, platinum, thallium, tungsten and uranium. If you're concerned about the possibility of heavy metal accumulation in your body, this Toxic Metals Panel is an important step to measure the following analytes: Antimony, Arsenic, Beryllium, Bismuth, Cadmium, Cesium, Copper, Gadolinium, Lead, Manganese, Mercury (best for dental amalgam exposure), Nickel, Platinum, Thallium, Tungsten, Uranium Analysis of elements in feces provides a means to assess oral exposure, and to a lesser extent endogenous detoxification of potentially toxic metals. For several toxic elements such as mercury, cadmium, lead, antimony and uranium, biliary excretion of metals into feces is a primary natural route of elimination from the body. Studies performed at Doctor’s Data demonstrate that the fecal mercury content and number of amalgam surfaces are highly correlated.

Toxic Non-Metal Chemical Profile

Every day, we are exposed to hundreds of toxic chemicals through products like pharmaceuticals, pesticides, packaged foods, household products, and environmental pollution. As we have become more exposed to chemical-laden products and to toxic chemicals in food, air, and water, we have been confronted with an accelerating rate of chronic illnesses like cancer, heart disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, chemical sensitivity, autism spectrum disorders, ADD/AD(H)D, autoimmune disorders, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Because exposure to environmental pollutants has been linked to many chronic diseases, The Great Plains Laboratory has created GPL-TOX, a toxic non-metal chemical profile that screens for the presence of 172 different toxic chemicals including organophosphate pesticides, phthalates, benzene, xylene, vinyl chloride, pyrethroid insecticides, acrylamide, perchlorate, diphenyl phosphate, ethylene oxide, acrylonitrile, and more. This profile also includes Tiglylglycine (TG), a marker for mitochondrial disorders resulting from mutations of mitochondrial DNA.

Tree Nut Allergen Panel

The Tree Nut Allergy Test Panel measures the levels of specific IgE antibodies in your blood to specific peanut and tree nut allergens. This panel measures responses to almond, Brazil nut, cashew nut, hazelnut, macadamia nut, peanut, pecan nut, pistachio, and walnut. This test reports the presence of lgE(s) antibodies to peanut and tree nut allergens, but the result by itself cannot confirm the presence of the allergy.

TruAge + TruHealth

Tuberculosis Testing

What is tuberculosis (TB)? Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis was once the leading cause of death in the United States, but it can now be successfully treated if discovered in time. Microscopic droplets suspended in the air pass the TB organism from person to person. Infection can occur when an uninfected person comes in contact with someone who has active tuberculosis. People who are exposed to TB may never get sick. They develop what is called latent TB infection. A person with latent TB is not contagious and does not show any signs or symptoms of being sick. The immune system controls the infection. Latent TB may develop into active TB if the immune system becomes weakened. A person with active TB disease is sick and shows signs and symptoms of the disease (e.g., persistent cough, weight loss). People with active TB are infectious and can spread the TB bacterium to others. How can I be screened for TB?

Tumor Markers

Tumor markers are substances measured in blood, urine, or tissue that can provide information about cancer. Some are produced by cancer cells; others are produced by normal cells and can also increase in noncancerous conditions. Examples include PSA, CA 125, CEA, AFP, and HE4. What are tumor marker tests used for? Depending on the marker and clinical setting, these tests can help: Support a diagnosis alongside imaging, biopsy, and other findings. Guide treatment selection. Monitor response to treatment. Look for signs of recurrence or progression. Provide information about the likely course of a diagnosed cancer. Not every marker serves every purpose. A falling level may support a treatment response, while a rising level may prompt further evaluation. Neither change establishes what is happening on its own. Does an elevated tumor marker mean cancer? An elevated tumor marker does not automatically mean cancer, and a normal result does not rule it out. Benign conditions can affect results, and some cancers do not produce elevated markers.

Urinalysis

A urinalysis is a test of your urine. A urinalysis is used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infections (aka UTI), kidney disease and diabetes. A urinalysis involves checking the appearance, concentration and content of urine. Abnormal urinalysis results may point to a disease or illness. For example, a urinary tract infection can make urine look cloudy instead of clear. Increased levels of protein in urine can be a sign of kidney disease. Unusual urinalysis results often require more testing to uncover the source of the problem. Why a urinalysis is performed: To check your overall health. Your doctor may recommend a urinalysis as part of a routine medical exam, pregnancy checkup, pre-surgery preparation, or on hospital admission to screen for a variety of disorders, such as diabetes, kidney disease and liver disease. To diagnose a medical condition. Your doctor may suggest a urinalysis if you're experiencing abdominal pain, back pain, frequent or painful urination, blood in your urine, or other urinary problems.

Urinalysis, complete

Dipstick urinalysis is important in accessing the chemical constituents in the urine and the relationship to various disease states. Microscopic examination helps to detect the presence of cells and other formed elements.

Urinary Amino Acids (Synlab)

Amino Acids build and repair tissues, cause chemical reactions, transport nutrients, hormone and neurotransmitter synthesis, immune and detoxification functions, and more. Their critical role in human health makes them important in numerous clinical presentations. A urinary Amino Acids Test can provide valuable insights into your body’s amino acid metabolism. Amino Acid imbalances have been associated with: - ADD/ADHD - Autism Spectrum Disorders - Cardiovascular Disease - Depression/Anxiety - Diabetes - Digestive Distorders - Epilepsy - Fatigue - Hypertension - Infertility - Insomnia - Kidney Disease and Impaired Function - Low Dietary Protein Intake or Malnutrition - Maldigestion/Malabsorption - Nutritional Deficiencies - Rheumatoid Arthritis

Urinary Hormones

The Vibrant Wellness Urinary Hormones is a test to measure urinary hormones including estrogens, androgens, progesterogens, glucocorticoids and oxidative stress. The panel is designed to give a complete picture of an individual’s levels of hormones and their metabolites in urine. Hormones are essential chemical messengers which regulate routine processes in the body. Hormones, especially adrenal hormones and sex hormones, are interconnected with neurotransmitters. An imbalance of adrenal and sex hormones could lead to neurotransmitter imbalances which could revert back to cause hormonal imbalances. Hormone imbalances can affect a wide range of body functions including: Metabolism and appetite, heart rate, sleep cycles, reproductive cycles and sexual function, general growth and development, mood and stress levels, body temperature.

Urinary Porphyrins Panel (Porphyrins; Urine)

What Are Urinary Porphyrins? Urinary porphyrins are oxidized intermediates generated at various steps of the heme biosynthesis pathway. Because each porphyrin corresponds to a specific enzymatic stage, patterns of elevation or suppression can help pinpoint where the pathway may be stressed or impaired. Heme is required for: Red blood cell function and oxygen transport Mitochondrial energy production Cytochrome P450 detoxification Hormone synthesis Cellular antioxidant defense When heme production is disrupted, porphyrin intermediates may accumulate and spill into urine—creating a measurable “fingerprint” of metabolic activity. Why Porphyrin Patterns Change Abnormal urinary porphyrins can occur due to: Nutrient deficiencies (B6, zinc, iron) Mitochondrial dysfunction Oxidative stress Chronic infections Environmental or toxic metal exposure Liver dysfunction Genetic variations affecting heme enzymes Medications (alcohol, sedatives, analgesics, antibiotics, estrogens, oral contraceptives) Physiological changes (anemia, pregnancy) Because porphyrin changes often appear early, this test is

Urinary Toxic & Essential Elements

Analyzing elements can provide insight into why you may not synthesize or convert thyroid hormones and can help determine the cause of thyroid related symptoms. The thyroid gland regulates cellular energy metabolism, as well as controls heart rate and protein synthesis for proper growth and development. This profile includes Dried Urine tests for: Iodine, Bromine, Lithium, Selenium, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury and Creatinine.

Urinary Tract Infection Panel (RealTime Laboratories)

The Urinary Tract Infection Panel offered by RealTime Laboratories is a comprehensive diagnostic test that employs PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technology. This advanced method is used to accurately detect the presence of 18 different bacteria and 1 yeast known to cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). Furthermore, the panel is capable of identifying seven genes that are associated with resistance to antibiotics. One of the key advantages of this test is its precision in diagnosing UTIs, which can eliminate the guesswork often involved in treatment decisions. By identifying the specific bacteria or yeast causing the infection, and also detecting genes that indicate antibiotic resistance, the test enables healthcare providers to select the most effective treatment. The test is suitable for adults, as it is not available for patients under 18 years of age. The results from the RealTime Labs UTI Panel can significantly aid in antibiotic stewardship, an effort to improve how antibiotics are prescribed and used.

Urine Microalbumin

The Urine Microalbumin test panel is a critical diagnostic tool used primarily for early detection of kidney damage, particularly in patients with diabetes, hypertension, or other risk factors for chronic kidney disease. This panel typically includes the measurement of microalbumin, a small protein that should be minimally present in urine, and creatinine, a waste product from muscle metabolism. The key parameter often assessed is the Microalbumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR), which provides a more accurate indication of kidney function by normalizing the amount of albumin to the creatinine level. This adjustment is essential as it accounts for variations in urine concentration, offering a reliable assessment of albumin excretion. Elevated levels of microalbumin in the urine, or an increased ACR, are early indicators of kidney dysfunction, signaling that the kidneys' filtering system is allowing albumin to leak into the urine. This test panel is an essential aspect of managing patients with conditions that affect kidney health, enabling early detection of kidney damage.

Vaccination Tracker

Online Vaccination Tracker The Online Vaccination Tracker at HealthMatters.io is your comprehensive solution for managing and tracking all your vaccinations in one convenient place. With this tool, users can easily keep a detailed record of their immunizations, including common vaccines, immunization dates, and reminders for when to redo vaccines. This ensures that your vaccination status is always up-to-date, whether for personal health, travel requirements, or medical consultations. Features: Vaccine Records: Log and track all your common vaccines, including: Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Influenza (Flu) Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Varicella (Chickenpox) Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Pneumococcal Meningococcal Polio (IPV) Shingles (Herpes Zoster) COVID-19 Rotavirus Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Typhoid Yellow Fever Rabies Immunization Dates: Keep a precise record of all your immunization dates, ensuring you always know when you received each vaccine.

VibrantAmerica (various)

Vibrant America is a leading science and technology company delivering laboratory services.

Viral Panel Comprehensive

Understand your immune system’s response to common and clinically significant viruses The Viral Panel Comprehensive evaluates your body’s immune response to a group of important viruses, including herpesviruses (HSV, HHV-6, EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), measles, and varicella-zoster. These pathogens are widespread, and many people are exposed to them during childhood or adolescence. While most infections remain silent or mild, in some individuals they can contribute to chronic symptoms, immune dysregulation, or viral reactivation. This panel measures both IgG (long-term immunity or past exposure) and IgM (recent or active immune response) antibodies. Together, these markers help identify whether your immune system is responding to a current infection, showing evidence of a past infection, or displaying patterns that may suggest viral reactivation. What This Panel Helps You Understand 1. Past Exposure vs. Recent Infection IgG antibodies indicate previous contact with a virus and long-term immune memory. IgM antibodies can signal a more recent or active response.

Vitamins & Minerals

Vitamins and minerals are substances obtained from food and supplements needed for normal growth and body processes. Deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals can interfere with normal body function. This category encompasses essential nutrients crucial for various bodily functions. It includes tests for vitamins like Vitamin D, which is vital for bone health, and B-vitamins, important for energy metabolism and nerve function. Analyzing these biomarkers helps in detecting deficiencies or excesses and in guiding dietary and supplementation choices for optimal health.

VZV IgG-/IgA-/IgM-antibodies

Wheat Zoomer

Wheat Zoomer by Vibrant Wellness The Wheat Zoomer by Vibrant Wellness is an advanced blood test designed to help identify immune reactions to wheat and gluten, including reactions that may not show up on standard allergy testing or basic celiac screening. It looks at a wide range of wheat proteins (both gluten and non-gluten components) and measures multiple types of antibodies to help explain symptoms like bloating, fatigue, brain fog, skin rashes, headaches, and chronic inflammation. If you’ve ever wondered: “Do I have a gluten intolerance?” “Is wheat causing my digestive symptoms?” “Could wheat be contributing to inflammation, skin issues, or brain fog?” “Why do I feel better off gluten, but my celiac test was negative?” The Wheat Zoomer is built to provide more detailed answers. This panel is especially popular in functional medicine and root-cause care because it can highlight hidden immune patterns, including gut barrier disruption (sometimes called leaky gut) and immune responses linked to celiac disease pathways, even when symptoms are confusing or inconsistent.

White Blood Cell Differential Test

The White Blood Differential Test measures the percentage (and absolute values) of each type of white blood cell (WBC) that you have in your blood. Five different types of white blood cells, also called leukocytes, normally appear in the blood: - Neutrophils - Lymphocytes - Monocytes - Eosinophils - Basophils The test shows if the number of cells are in proper proportion with one another, and if there is more or less of one cell type. What do abnormal results mean? Any infection or acute stress increases your number of white blood cells. High white blood cell counts may be due to inflammation, an immune response, or blood diseases such as leukemia. It is important to realize that an abnormal increase in one type of white blood cell can cause a decrease in the percentage of other types of white blood cells. Although your white blood cells account for only about 1 percent of your blood, their impact is significant. White blood cells are essential for good health and protection against illness and disease. Think of white blood cells as your immunity cells.

Yersinia IgG-/IgA-antibodies

YO AB Screen w/Reflex to Titer and WB, Serum

The YO AB Screen with Reflex to Titer and Western Blot (WB), Serum, is a specialized diagnostic panel primarily used for detecting paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, particularly in the context of suspected ovarian or breast cancer. This test screens for anti-Yo antibodies, which are associated with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), a condition where the immune system, in response to a cancer, mistakenly attacks the central nervous system. If the initial screening is positive, the test reflexively proceeds to a titer to quantify the antibody levels and a Western Blot for further confirmation. The presence and level of anti-Yo antibodies can assist in diagnosing PCD and may also indicate an underlying malignancy, often before the cancer is clinically detectable. This makes the test a valuable tool for early cancer detection and managing associated neurological complications.

Zika Virus

Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. People with Zika virus disease can have symptoms including mild fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise or headache. These symptoms normally last for 2-7 days.

ZRT Laboratory (Salivary Steroids)

Steroid hormones in the bloodstream are 95-99% bound to carrier proteins, and in this form are unavailable to target tissues. Saliva testing measures the amount of hormone available to target tissues – the bioavailable amount. For this reason, saliva testing better relates to specific symptoms of excess or deficiency, and is a good option for monitoring hormone therapy.

ZRT Laboratory (Urinary Neurotransmitters)

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers used by the nervous system to relay information from one nerve to another. Optimal neurotransmitter balance is required to maintain proper health. Imbalances can cause the brain and the body to be over- or under-stimulated, producing neurological or psychological symptoms. Genetics, environment, chemicals and nutritional deficiencies are a few factors that can impact neurotransmitter production. Once out of balance, the nervous system begins to compensate – which, in time, can lead to neurological or psychological symptoms. Some of the more common psychological conditions today are known to be accompanied by neurotransmitter imbalances. However, it’s also possible for individuals to present with similar symptoms yet have unique foundational imbalances. Testing helps clarify these root issues.