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Early Sjogrens Syndrome Profile

Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands, which manifests as dry eyes and mouth. The syndrome is estimated to be between 9 and 20 times more common in women than in men and typically presents in the 4th or 5th decade of life. The disease can present by itself (primary) or in association with another underlying autoimmune condition (secondary), commonly rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Sjögren syndrome may occur as part of a triad that includes primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune thyroid disease. Patients with Sjögren's syndrome also have an overall increased risk for malignancies, specifically non-Hodgkin lymphoma and thyroid cancer. Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic disease in which loss of salivary gland and lachrymal gland function is associated with hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibody production, mild kidney and lung disease and eventually lymphoma.

EBV EliSpot (lytic+latent)

Echo IgG/IgA/IgM -antibodies

Ehrlichia Ab Panel

Human ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by rickettsial-like agents. Two forms, human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), have been described. HME is often referred to as "spotless" or rashless Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and has been reported in various regions of the United States. The causative agent of HME has been identified as Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Infected individuals produce specific antibodies to Ehrlichia chaffeensis which can be detected by an immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test.

Ehrlichia Chaffeensis (IgG, IgM)

The Ehrlichia Chaffeensis (IgG, IgM) panel is a critical diagnostic tool used for detecting Ehrlichiosis, a bacterial illness transmitted by ticks. This panel tests for both IgG and IgM antibodies against Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the bacterium responsible for the disease. The presence of IgM antibodies typically indicates a recent or acute infection, as these are the first antibodies to be produced in response to an infection. IgG antibodies, on the other hand, develop more slowly and can indicate a past infection or a more chronic stage of the disease. This dual testing approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of the infection's timeline, aiding in the accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. Ehrlichiosis can cause flu-like symptoms and, if left untreated, may lead to severe complications. Therefore, the Ehrlichia Chaffeensis (IgG, IgM) panel is essential for timely identification and management of the infection, particularly in areas where tick-borne diseases are prevalent.

EHRLICHIOSIS

Electrolytes

Electrolytes are essential minerals found in your blood, urine, and other bodily fluids that carry an electric charge. They are crucial for a myriad of bodily functions. Key electrolytes include sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride, and phosphate. Each plays a vital role: sodium helps control fluids in the body, affecting blood pressure; potassium is key for nerve and muscle function, including the heart; calcium is essential for bone health and plays a role in muscle and nerve function as well as blood clotting; magnesium is involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation; chloride helps maintain a normal balance of body fluids and is essential for digestion; bicarbonate helps maintain the body's acid-base balance (pH); and phosphate is important for bone health, energy storage, and nerve function. Testing electrolyte levels in the blood is important because it helps diagnose and monitor a variety of conditions.

Endo+

What is Endo+? Endo+ is a unique profile that combines multiple hormonal assessments and synthesizes the information so the clinician can quickly identify imbalances. Hormones are chemical messengers released by a cell, gland, or organ into the blood that elicit a cascade of physiologic responses by acting on specific target tissues. Over 50 hormones have been identified. They can be synthesized from cholesterol or peptides and amino acids. Genova offers a variety of endocrine assessments to meet the testing needs of each patient. Their endocrine products assist the clinician in identifying hormone imbalances, hormone metabolism issues, and disease risk. Reference ranges are based on healthy adult populations. Pediatric reference ranges are not available. Clinicians can build an individualized hormone assessment for each patient choosing from six component profiles. What is included on the Endo+ profile?

Endocrinology

Endocrinology is a specialized branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to hormones. It encompasses a wide array of conditions due to its systemic nature, as hormones regulate many different biological processes in the body. Endocrinologists deal with the endocrine system, which includes glands such as the thyroid, adrenal, ovaries, testes, and pancreas, among others. This field is crucial for managing complex conditions like diabetes, thyroid diseases, metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, menopause, cancers of the endocrine glands, and infertility issues. The practice of endocrinology involves a deep understanding of the biochemical mechanisms that control the body's metabolism, reproduction, growth, and development, as well as the coordinated action and communication between different organs through hormonal signals.

Environmental Toxins

Environmental toxins, technically called toxicants, are substances produced endogenously from the human body and which, when absorbed, inhaled, or ingested, can cause acute or chronic toxic overload, which may manifest in a variety of biological organ, tissue, and cellular-level systems. Environmental toxins are cancer-causing chemicals and endocrine disruptors, both human-made and naturally occurring. Susceptibility to toxic overload varies person-to-person, and can be affected by a variety of factors including: Genetics Environment Diet Liver and kidney health Microbiome composition and diversity Age Adiposity Gender Lifestyle Immune system capacity Screening patients with multiple chronic inflammatory symptoms, resistance to weight loss, and signs of excessive total toxic load is important to detecting unknown chemical exposure to daily products, foods, and environment Screening for Environmental Toxins can aid practitioners in uncovering true root causes of toxicity from common environmental sources and provide a clear roadmap to detoxification and healing In order to assess the

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

EBV Antibody Test Results — VCA IgG, VCA IgM, EBNA-1 IgG, and EA-D IgG Explained Quick Summary Your EBV panel looks at four antibodies your immune system makes at different times during and after EBV infection: VCA IgM (Viral Capsid Antigen, IgM): Appears early in a new infection, then fades within weeks to a few months. VCA IgG (Viral Capsid Antigen, IgG): Appears early and then persists for life—documents prior exposure; by itself it doesn’t prove current activity. EBNA-1 IgG (EBV Nuclear Antigen, IgG): Develops weeks to months after the first infection and then persists—strong evidence of past infection. EA-D IgG (Early Antigen—Diffuse, IgG): May rise during acute infection or some reactivations, but ~20–30% of healthy people can remain positive for years; supportive, not diagnostic, of activity. How to Read Your Results (the big picture) No previous exposure or very early window: All four antibodies negative. If you have symptoms, retest soon; it may be too early for antibodies. Recent/primary infection: VCA IgM positive, VCA IgG positive, EBNA-1 IgG negative.

Essential and Metabolic Fatty Acids Markers (RBCs)

The Essential & Metabolic Fatty Acids Analysis (EMFA) assesses the critical balance between essential Omega-6/Omega-3 fatty acids, as well as additional key fatty acids important in metabolism and cellular function. Fatty acid imbalances can be a causative factor in a variety of chronic health conditions. The Essential and Metabolic Fatty Acids Analysis can indicate the need for fatty acid supplementation and/or dietary modification.

Essential Elements (Serum)

Serum elements are used to assess the status of key elements and electrolytes such as calcium, sodium, potassium and iron that have important functions in the extracellular fluid compartment of blood. Useful for: - Anemia - Bone Density - Cardiovascular Disease - Dermatitis or Poor Wound Healing - Fatigue - Hypertension - Impaired Glucose Tolerance - Inflammation - Kidney Function - Nutritional Deficiencies - Sexual Impotence or Decreased Testosterone Production - Vision Problems

Essential Elements (Urine)

Many clinicians request the analysis of essential elements in urine specimens to evaluate nutritional status and the efficacy of mineral supplementation during metal detoxification therapy. Metal detoxification agents can significantly increase the excretion of specific nutrient elements such as zinc, copper, manganese and molybdenum. Chromium metabolism authorities suggest that 24-hour chromium excretion likely provides the best assessment of chromium status. Early indication of renal dysfunction can be gleaned from urinary wasting of essential elements such as magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium in an unprovoked specimen. Variability in urine volume can drastically affect the concentration of elements. To compensate for urine dilution variation, elements are expressed per unit creatinine for timed collections. For 24-hour collections, elements are reported as both units per 24 hours and units per creatinine.

Estrogens and Metabolites (Urine) - DUTCH

Estrogen is a key anabolic hormone, meaning it promotes growth and development in the body. There are three primary forms of estrogen: Estrone (E1) – weaker, but still biologically active Estradiol (E2) – the most potent and biologically active form, responsible for most estrogen effects Estriol (E3) – weaker, plays a bigger role in vaginal and urinary tract health Where Is Estrogen Made? In Women: In premenopausal women, most estrogen is produced in the ovaries. Smaller amounts are created by converting testosterone into estrogen through a process called aromatization. After menopause, estrogen production shifts almost entirely to aromatization. The enzyme responsible for aromatization is found in fat tissue, the brain, gonads, blood vessels, skin, and bone. In Men: Men produce estrogen mainly through aromatization of testosterone. Men’s estrogen levels are much lower than those of cycling women—but interestingly, men often have higher estrogen levels than postmenopausal women. What Does Estrogen Do?