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ACTH (Cosyntropin) Stimulation Test – Adrenal Function and Cortisol Response

What Is the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (Cosyntropin) Stimulation Test? The Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Stimulation Test—also known as the Cosyntropin Stimulation Test—is a diagnostic blood test used to evaluate how well your adrenal glands are functioning. Specifically, it measures your body’s ability to produce cortisol, a vital hormone that helps regulate blood pressure, blood sugar, metabolism, and your body’s response to stress. Why Is the Cosyntropin Stimulation Test Done? Doctors may order the ACTH stimulation test to: Diagnose adrenal insufficiency (such as Addison’s disease) Evaluate pituitary gland disorders (secondary adrenal insufficiency) Investigate low cortisol levels found on routine lab work Monitor adrenal gland function in people using long-term corticosteroids Assess unexplained symptoms like fatigue, weakness, low blood pressure, or weight loss How the Test Works The test involves measuring your blood cortisol levels at specific times after receiving an injection of Cosyntropin (a synthetic form of ACTH): Baseline: A blood sample is taken to measure your

Acylcarnitine Profile, Plasma

Interpreting an Acylcarnitine Profile: Visit our Acylcarnitine Profile Interpretive Guide here. (hint: open in new tab) An acylcarnitine profile is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate the various forms of carnitine present in the blood. This assessment can provide critical insights into metabolic disorders, particularly those affecting fatty acid oxidation and organic acid metabolism. The interpretation of this profile involves analyzing the concentrations of different acylcarnitines to identify abnormalities that may indicate specific metabolic conditions. Initial Assessment: Free Carnitine and Acylcarnitine Levels The first step in interpreting an acylcarnitine profile is to examine the overall levels of free carnitine and acylcarnitines. Free carnitine levels offer a baseline understanding of carnitine availability in the body. Elevated levels of certain acylcarnitines can suggest a blockade in metabolic pathways, where intermediate products accumulate due to enzyme deficiencies or transport defects.

Adrenal Function Profile (Labrix, Doctor's Data)

This profile provides a comprehensive view of HPA axis/adrenal function and includes 4 cortisol levels collected over the course of the day, plus DHEA. Cortisol levels should be at their highest level 30 minutes after waking up in the morning, decreasing gradually over the course of the day, reaching their lowest point at bedtime. The resulting curve or pattern allows health care providers to pinpoint issues with adrenal gland function. Alterations in this pattern can result in symptoms related to stress, fatigue and insomnia. DHEA levels naturally decline with age, although alterations can be seen as part of the stres response.

Adrenal Stress Profile with Cortisol Awakening Response

The Adrenocortex Stress Profile (ASP) provides an assessment of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis using timed salivary samples of the hormones cortisol and DHEA. Salivary testing is an easy, non-invasive option to measure unbound, biologically active parent hormone levels. Daily hassles, chronic pain, blood sugar dysregulation, work stressors, and poor relationship quality can alter the HPA axis. Imbalances in adrenal hormones can have a wide range of negative consequences that can adversely impact overall quality of life. The symptoms of HPA axis dysfunction can be vague and are highly variable but may include: fatigue, insomnia, weight gain, depression, GI complaints, and chronic pain. HPA axis dysfunction is associated with many conditions including: - hypertension - cardiovascular disease - gastrointestinal and immune dysregulation - diabetes and metabolic syndrome - depression - chronic fatigue - persistent pain - neurodegenerative disease and cognitive decline

Adult Gut Health Test

The Adult Gut Health Test provides detailed insights into the balance of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in your microbiome, including their relative abundances. With advanced shotgun metagenomics technology, this test delivers strain-level precision and offers valuable information about the functional capacity of your gut, from digestion efficiency to potential signs of inflammation. Designed specifically for adults, this test helps you better understand your gut health and its impact on overall well-being.

Advanced Dried Urine Hormone Profile

Advanced Dried Urine Hormone Profile The Advanced Dried Urine Hormone Profile provides a comprehensive evaluation of key hormone levels and their metabolites, offering deeper insights into hormonal balance and function. This test assesses a range of sex hormones, adrenal hormones, and their metabolites, helping to identify imbalances that may contribute to various symptoms and health conditions. Hormone fluctuations are a natural part of life, especially in women, where levels shift throughout the menstrual cycle and different life stages. However, disruptions in this balance can lead to issues such as PMS, menopause, infertility, and complex conditions like PCOS and endometriosis. By analyzing dried urine samples, this test delivers a detailed view of hormone metabolism, guiding targeted treatment strategies for hormonal health.

Advanced Intestinal Barrier Assessment (Plasma)

Precision Point Diagnostics: Advanced IBA Profile for Intestinal Barrier Assessment The Advanced Intestinal Barrier Assessment (IBA) profile from Precision Point Diagnostics offers an in-depth evaluation of intestinal barrier function. By utilizing a collection of innovative biomarkers, this test helps clinicians determine if their patients are experiencing intestinal permeability, commonly known as "leaky gut." Intestinal permeability is often linked to autoimmune diseases, systemic inflammation, and food sensitivities. Addressing gut barrier health is critical for resolving chronic diseases—without proper gut healing, other treatments may have limited effectiveness. Key Biomarkers in the Advanced IBA Profile The Advanced IBA profile features unique and clinically relevant markers that provide a comprehensive view of gut barrier health: Histamine & Diamine Oxidase (DAO): These markers offer insights into histamine regulation and the health of the gut mucosa.

Alk Phos Isoenzyme

The Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes test offered by Labcorp is a diagnostic assay used to measure and differentiate the sources of elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the blood. This test is essential for identifying whether the elevation is due to liver, bone, or intestinal conditions. Test Overview Methodology: Electrophoresis Specimen Required: Serum (1.6 mL; minimum 0.8 mL) Collection Container: Red-top or gel-barrier tube Stability: Room temperature: 7 days Refrigerated: 7 days Frozen: 3 months Turnaround Time: 3–5 days Patient Preparation: Fasting overnight is recommended, as eating, especially a fatty meal, may elevate intestinal ALP levels.

Allergen Panel

An allergy panel is a comprehensive test designed to detect hypersensitivity to a variety of allergens, including environmental and pet-related factors. This panel often encompasses specific IgE (Immunoglobulin E) tests for common triggers such as dust mites, which are microscopic organisms that thrive in household dust, and elm tree pollen, a seasonal allergen prevalent in many regions. Mugwort weed IgE testing is also included to identify reactions to this common herb that can provoke symptoms in sensitive individuals. Additionally, the panel tests for cockroach IgE, due to the allergenic potential of cockroach droppings, and cat dander IgE, recognizing that proteins found in the skin flakes, saliva, and urine of cats can lead to allergic reactions. By covering these and many more markers, an allergy panel offers a detailed overview of an individual's allergic sensitivities, enabling tailored management strategies to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

Allergen Profile, Mold

Allergen Profile, Mold Test for Mold-Related Allergies and Chronic Symptoms The Allergen Profile, Mold test detects potential allergic responses to common environmental molds and helps evaluate conditions such as hay fever, asthma, atopic eczema, and other respiratory allergies. Mold allergens can trigger immune responses ranging from mild irritation to debilitating chronic illness. If you've experienced water damage or mold exposure in places like your home, workplace, or school—and you're dealing with multiple unexplained symptoms—it may be time to consider testing and speak with a mold-literate or environmentally trained physician. Common Symptoms of Mold-Related Illness Mold exposure can affect nearly every system in the body.

Allergens w/ Total IgE Area 2

Detect possible allergic responses to various substances in the environment and evaluate for hay fever, asthma, atopic eczema, and respiratory allergy. The quantitative allergen-specific IgE test is indicated (1) to determine whether an individual has elevated allergen-specific IgE antibodies; (2) if specific allergic sensitivity is needed to allow immunotherapy to be initiated; (3) when testing individuals for agents that may potentially cause anaphylaxis; (4) when evaluating individuals who are taking medication (eg, long-acting antihistamines) that may interfere with other testing modalities (eg, skin testing); (5) if immunotherapy or other therapeutic measures based on skin testing results have not led to a satisfactory remission of symptoms; (6) when an individual is unresponsive to medical management where identification of offending allergens may be beneficial.

Allergy Mold Panel, Complete

Detect possible allergic responses to various substances in the environment and evaluate for hay fever, asthma, atopic eczema, and respiratory allergy. The quantitative allergen-specific IgE test is indicated: (1) to determine whether an individual has elevated allergen-specific IgE antibodies; (2) if specific allergic sensitivity is needed to allow immunotherapy to be initiated; (3) when testing individuals for agents that may potentially cause anaphylaxis; (4) when evaluating individuals who are taking medication (eg, long-acting antihistamines) that may interfere with other testing modalities (eg, skin testing); (5) if immunotherapy or other therapeutic measures based on skin testing results have not led to a satisfactory remission of symptoms; (6) when an individual is unresponsive to medical management where identification of offending allergens may be beneficial.

Alzheimer's LINX™ - Alzheimer's-Associated Immune Reactivity

What Is Alzheimer's-Associated Immune Reactivity? Alzheimer's-Associated Immune Reactivity refers to a group of biomarkers that evaluate whether the immune system is producing antibodies against brain proteins, infections, environmental chemicals, and other substances that have been studied in relation to neuroinflammation, cognitive decline, and neurological health. This category is best known through Alzheimer's LINX™, a specialized blood test panel developed by Cyrex Laboratories. The panel measures immune reactivity to dozens of targets associated with brain function, blood-brain barrier integrity, microbial exposures, environmental factors, and dietary proteins. Importantly, a positive result does not diagnose Alzheimer's disease, dementia, or memory loss. Likewise, a normal result does not guarantee protection from future cognitive decline. These biomarkers measure immune responses, not the presence or absence of a neurological disease.

Amino Acid Analysis

Amino Acid analysis is necessary for the diagnosis of a variety of inborn errors of metabolism. These include, but are not limited to: - phenylketonuria - tyrosinemia - citrullinemia - non-ketotic hyperglycinemia - maple syrup urine disease - and homocystinuria. The assay is also key for the continued monitoring of treatment plans for these disorders and useful for assessing nutritional status of patients. Interpretive Information: Elevation of 1 or more amino acids may be diagnostic of an aminoacidopathy. Elevated amino acid levels are also associated with noninherited diseases such as severe liver disease and renal tubular disorders (eg, Fanconi syndrome). Decreased levels of amino acids are associated with malnutrition as seen in the elderly or those with poor protein intake or gastrointestinal disease. Additional laboratory testing is required to diagnose other inherited disorders (ie, lactic acidosis, organic aciduria, and some urea cycle defects). Results should be evaluated in the context of clinical findings and/or additional test results.

Amino Acid Analysis, LC/MS

Amino acid analysis is necessary for the diagnosis of a variety of inborn errors of metabolism. These include, but are not limited to: - phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, citrullinemia, non-ketotic hyperglycinemia, maple syrup urine disease, and homocystinuria. The assay is also key for the continued monitoring of treatment plans for these disorders and useful for assessing nutritional status of patients.

Amino Acid Profile, Qn (Plasma)

Diagnosis and monitoring of inherited aminoacidurias, organic acidurias, and urea cycle defects. May be used as a follow-up confirmatory test to some abnormal newborn screen results. False-negative results can occur, especially when a patient is affected with a mild or intermittent variant of a disorder or when clinical condition or dietary treatment causes secondary changes to the profile. Results of amino acid profiling should be interpreted in the context of clinical presentation, as well as other laboratory tests. Frozen serum may be diagnostic, however, certain amino acids may be falsely elevated or low.

Amino Acid Profile, Qn (Urine)

Amino acids are organic compounds that play an important role in properly digesting food, creating usable energy, maintaining health and functioning normally. This panel can help discover deficiencies in amino acids by testing for amino acids. Urine represents a convenient biofluid for metabolomic studies due to its noninvasive collection and richness in metabolites. Here, amino acids are valuable biomarkers for their ability to reflect imbalances of different biochemical pathways. Amino acid analysis aids in the identification of dietary protein adequacy and amino acid balance, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, forms of protein intolerance, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, renal and hepatic dysfunction, psychiatric abnormalities, susceptibility to inflammatory response and oxidative stress, reduced detoxification capacity and many other inherent and acquired disorders in AA metabolism. Plasma is traditionally used to assess the status of essential AA while urine analysis provides more information regarding AA wasting and aberrant metabolism associated with co-factor insufficiencies.

Amino Acids 40 Profile

This test determines essential amino acid imbalances that affect both physical and mental function

Amino Acids Analysis

Amino acid nutritional testing aids in the identification of the following: - dietary protein adequacy - amino acid balance - gastrointestinal dysfunctions - forms of protein intolerance - vitamin and mineral deficiencies - renal and hepatic dysfunction - psychiatric abnormalities - susceptibility to inflammatory response and oxidative stress - reduced detoxification capacity ... and many other inherent and acquired disorders in amino acid metabolism. Plasma vs. Urine Analysis: Plasma is traditionally used to assess the status of essential amino acids while urine analysis provides more information regarding admino acid wasting and aberrant metabolism associated with co-factor insufficiencies. Plasma amino acid nutritional testing measures what is being transported at the time of sampling. The specimen should be collected after an overnight fast to reduce the influence of dietary protein. Abnormalities are deduced by comparison of measured levels with an established reference range.

Amino Acids test [Great Plains Laboratory / Doctor's Data]

Amino acids are the basic structural units that comprise proteins and are found throughout the body. Many inborn errors of amino acid metabolism that affect amino acid transport or metabolism have been identified, such as phenylketonuria and tyrosinemia. Amino acid disorders can manifest at any age, but most become evident in infancy or early childhood. These disorders result in the accumulation or the deficiency of 1 or more amino acids in biological fluids, which leads to the clinical signs and symptoms of the particular amino acid disorder. The clinical presentation is dependent upon the specific amino acid disorder. In general, affected patients may experience failure to thrive, neurologic symptoms, digestive problems, dermatologic findings, and physical and cognitive delays. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, amino acid disorders can result in intellectual disabilities and possibly death.

Amino Acids; Urine 24-hour (Doctor's Data)

Amino acid analysis is a powerful diagnostic tool that plays a critical role in evaluating the balance and adequacy of dietary proteins, gastrointestinal health, and various metabolic functions. This analysis is crucial for identifying conditions such as protein intolerance, deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, and disorders in liver and kidney functions. It also provides insights into psychiatric conditions, susceptibility to inflammation, oxidative stress, and issues with the body’s detoxification processes. Key Applications of Amino Acid Testing: - Mental Health Disorders: Useful in managing ADD/ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, depression, and anxiety. - Chronic Conditions: Helps monitor cardiovascular diseases, epilepsy, fatigue, hypertension, and rheumatoid arthritis. - Digestive Health: Essential for diagnosing digestive disorders and nutritional deficiencies. - Reproductive Health: Can aid in addressing issues related to infertility and insomnia. - Kidney and Liver Function: Critical for assessing kidney function and potential impairments in amino acid metabolism.

ANA 12 Plus Profile (RDL)

ANA 12 Plus Profile is reflexive and consists of the following: Anti-Nuclear Ab (ANA) If positive, reflexes to following 14 components: - Anti-Cardiolipin Ab (IgG, IgA and IgM Isotypes) - Anti-Centromere Ab - Anti-Chromatin Ab - Anti-dsDNA Ab by Farr - Anti-La (SS-B) Ab - Anti-Ro (SS-A) Ab - Anti-Scl-70 Ab - Anti-Sm - Anti-TPO (Thyroid Microsomal Peroxidase) Ab - Anti-U1 RNP - C3 Complement - C4 Complement - Rheumatoid Factor by Turb - Anti-CCP (Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide) Ab. If ANA is positive, all tests listed are performed. If ANA is negative, an Anti-Ro (SS-A) Ab test is performed to catch the small percentage of ANA false negative results. ANA includes titer and pattern.

ANA Comprehensive Panel

This test helps to detect and helps diagnose certain autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and Sjögren syndrome, among other types. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are a group of autoantibodies produced by a person's immune system when it fails to adequately distinguish between "self" and "nonself." The ANA test detects these autoantibodies in the blood. ANA react with components of the body's own healthy cells and cause signs and symptoms such as tissue and organ inflammation, joint and muscle pain, and fatigue. ANA specifically target substances found in the nucleus of a cell, hence the name "antinuclear." They probably do not damage living cells because they cannot access their nuclei. However, ANA can cause damage to tissue by reacting with nuclear substances when they are released from injured or dying cells. The ANA test is one of the primary tests for helping to diagnose a suspected autoimmune disorder or rule out other conditions with similar signs and symptoms. The ANA test may be positive with several autoimmune disorders.

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia Chaffeensi Antibody Panel

The Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis Antibody Panel is a comprehensive serological test used to diagnose infections caused by these two tick-borne pathogens. Anaplasma phagocytophilum is responsible for anaplasmosis, while Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME). Both diseases can present with similar clinical symptoms, including fever, headache, muscle aches, and in some cases, more severe complications like thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes. The antibody panel typically includes tests for both IgM and IgG antibodies to each pathogen, providing information about recent and past infections. The presence of IgM antibodies suggests a recent or acute infection, while IgG antibodies indicate past exposure or a longer-term response to the infection. This panel is particularly valuable in areas where ticks are prevalent and in patients with a history of tick exposure, as it helps differentiate between these two infections, which, despite their similarities, may require different approaches to treatment.

ANAPLASMOSIS

Anaplasmosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. These bacteria are spread to people by tick bites primarily from the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) and the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus). People with anaplasmosis will often have fever, headache, chills, and muscle aches. Doxycycline is the drug of choice for adults and children of all ages with anaplasmosis.

ANCA Panel

For diagnosis and monitoring inflammatory activity in primary systemic small vessel vasculitides. The anti-PR3-ANCA EIA is useful for confirming positive ANCA results by IFA, particularly with the cANCA pattern. Presence of anti-PR3 antibodies is highly specific for Wegener granulomatous (WG) disease, for which the sensitivity is reported to be 98%. Levels of anti-PR3 are elevated during active phases of disease and lower during remission. Monitoring anti-PR3 levels, therefore, can aid in disease management. The anti-MPO-ANCA EIA is useful for confirming positive ANCA results by IFA, particularly with the P-ANCA pattern. Presence of anti-MPO antibodies is highly specific for idiopathic and vasculitis-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis, classic polyarteritis nodosa, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and polyangiitis overlap syndrome without renal involvement. Levels of anti-MPO are elevated during active phases of disease and lower during remission. Therefore, monitoring anti-MPO levels can aid in disease management.

Androgens and Metabolites (Urine) - DUTCH

The Androgens and Metabolites section of the DUTCH test by Precision Analytical evaluates how your body produces and processes key sex hormones, particularly DHEA, testosterone, and their metabolites. It focuses on three main areas: Total DHEA production Testosterone levels Metabolic pathway preference – whether your body favors 5α (alpha) or 5β (beta) metabolism 1. Total DHEA Production DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) is a precursor hormone produced by the adrenal glands and is essential for making both testosterone and estrogen. To assess total DHEA output, the DUTCH test adds up three primary urinary metabolites: DHEA-S (DHEA sulfate – the storage form of DHEA) Etiocholanolone (a 5β metabolite) Androsterone (a 5α metabolite) Looking at all three together provides a more complete picture of daily DHEA production than measuring a single marker. Example: If total DHEA output is high but DHEA-S is low, it may indicate that inflammation or other factors are blocking the sulfation process (the conversion of DHEA into its storage form, DHEA-S).

Antidiuretic Hormone Profile

ADH is a hormone that is produced in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary, a small gland at the base of the brain. ADH acts on the kidneys to control the amount of water excreted in the urine. ADH blood test is ordered when your provider suspects you have a disorder that affects your ADH level such as: - Buildup of fluids in your body that are causing swelling or puffiness - Excessive amounts of urine - Low sodium (salt) level in your blood - Thirst that is intense or uncontrollable Certain diseases affect the normal release of ADH. The blood level of ADH must be tested to determine the cause of the disease. ADH may be measured as part of a water restriction test to find the cause of a disease.

Antinuclear Ab 9 by Multiplex

The Antinuclear Ab 9 by Multiplex Test includes: Anticentromere B antibodies; anti-dsDNA; antichromatin antibodies; anti-Jo-1; RNP antibodies; antiscleroderma 70 antibodies; Smith antibodies; Sjögren anti-SS-A; Sjögren anti-SS-B This panel is to detect antibodies associated with SLE and mixed connective tissue disease. Anti-Sm is highly specific for SLE. Anti-RNP is found with a variety of rheumatoid diseases. RNP, Sm, SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70, and Jo-1 are extractable nucleoprotein complexes found in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of substrate cells.

Antioxidants / Mitochondrial Function

Antioxidants and mitochondrial function biomarkers help assess how well your body produces energy and protects itself from oxidative stress. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of your cells—responsible for generating ATP, supporting muscle performance, hormone balance, brain function, and healthy aging. Antioxidants such as Coenzyme Q10, glutathione, and vitamins C and E act as cellular defenders, neutralizing free radicals that can contribute to inflammation, fatigue, cardiovascular disease, and chronic illness. Testing in this category can reveal low antioxidant reserves, impaired energy production, increased oxidative damage, nutritional deficiencies, medication effects (including statins), or underlying metabolic or mitochondrial disorders. Identifying imbalances allows for targeted lifestyle, dietary, and clinical interventions—such as improved nutrition, stress reduction, optimized sleep, exercise, or supplementation—before symptoms escalate.

Array 10 - Multiple Food Immune Reactivity Screen

Written By: B. Dame Updated On: January 27, 2025 Comprehensive Guide to IgG Food Sensitivity Testing: A Key Tool for Managing Food-Related Symptoms What is an IgG Food Sensitivity Test? This test is a comprehensive food immune reactivity assessment, evaluating 180 foods in the form they are typically consumed—whether raw, cooked, or both. By measuring Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses to these foods, the test provides actionable insights into potential food sensitivities and immune reactions. How Does IgG Food Sensitivity Affect the Body? Elevated IgG antibody levels can trigger an inflammatory response, which may lead to tissue damage and a range of symptoms. While the antibodies themselves do not cause harm, their role in initiating inflammation can contribute to: Gastrointestinal distress (e.g., bloating, gas, diarrhea) Neurological issues (e.g., headaches, fatigue) Skin problems (e.g., rashes, itching) Respiratory symptoms (e.g., nasal congestion, asthma) It’s important to note that IgG reactivity does not always correlate directly with symptoms.

Array 11 – Chemical Immune Reactivity Screen

Array 11 measures an expanded range of environmental chemical toxins that bind to human tissues versus other laboratory tests that only identify chemical exposure. Clinical Use: - Identify the loss of immune tolerance associated with chemical exposure, which may lead to autoimmune reactivity - Assist in setting guidelines for the avoidance of specific chemicals to reduce the risk of igniting the autoimmune process - Monitor the effectiveness of the clinical management of patients

Array 12 – Pathogen-Associated Immune Reactivity Screen

Array 12 – Pathogen-Associated Immune Reactivity Screen assesses IgG immune reactivity to pathogens that are documented triggers or exacerbators of autoimmunity. Array 12 contains a variety of pathogens including oral pathogens, gastrointestinal pathogens, gastrointestinal parasites, bacterial and stealth pathogens, environmental molds, viral pathogens and tick-borne pathogens. - Tick-borne pathogens are obvious triggers of Lyme disease, however there are additional pathogens that haven’t been in the limelight. - One example is the opportunistic bacterium Acinetobacter, which, due to cross-reactivity with neurological tissues, has been shown to play a role in multiple sclerosis. - Giardia lamblia is well known as a cause of watery diarrhea, but less known for persisting in asymptomatic patients where the pathogen destroys intestinal villa thereby preventing nutrient absorption. Giardia can then cross-react with structural proteins such as tubulin and actin, which then triggers autoimmunity of the joints.

Array 14 - Mucosal Immune Reactivity Screen

Array 14 - Multiple Mucosal Immune Reactivity Screen (Cyrex Laboratories) is a cost-effective, easy, and non-invasive method for measuring mucosal immune reaction to a range of exogenous and endogenous antigens. The production of IgA and IgM antibodies against antigens in saliva may be an early stage in the induction of inflammation and autoimmunity. If the immune reactivity is not addressed and it may result in a breach of the intestinal barrier, followed by a systemic immune reaction. The inflammation of systemic autoantibodies contributes to the progression of autoimmune and neuroautoimmune reactivity. Array 14 was developed based on the immunological occurrence that exposure to an antigen via the mouth and intestinal tract results first in the production of IgA antibodies in secretions. Repeated exposure to the same antigen(s) results in the production of IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in the blood. The biomarkers in Array 14 were selected to give an invaluable picture of both likely antigens which may cause immune reactions and the areas they may effect.

Array 2 - Intestinal Antigenic Permeability Screen

This test measures intestinal permeability to large molecules, which inflame the immune system. Gluten can cause silent inflammation in the gut, which can eventually lead to intestinal permeability, or “leaky gut.” Also, NSAID medications, chronic stress, excess alcohol, proton pump inhibitors and other factors can also contribute to “leaky gut” which allows undigested food particles, bacteria, and other antigens to escape into the bloodstream where they can trigger allergies, sensitivities, and inflammation in various parts of the body. This test helps to determine if leaky gut is present and can be used to monitor complete healing of the gut lining. For an interpretative chart, please visit our blog entry called "Guide to Intestinal antigenic permeability screen (Cyrex Screen 2)".

Array 20 - Blood Brain Barrier Permeability

Array 22 - Irritable Bowel/SIBO Screen

-- Identify the overgrowth of large intestinal bacteria in the small intestine and the release of bacterial cytotoxins -- Evaluate a breach of intestinal barrier by bacterial cytotoxins and their entry into circulation -- Assist in setting guidelines for treatment of irritable bowels/SIBO and reduce risk of igniting the autoimmune process Recommended for Patients Who: -- Have irritable bowels -- Exhibit symptoms of malabsorption, including weight loss, anemia or fatty stools -- Have associated conditions such as fatigue, reflux, skin disorders, obesity or food intolerances

Array 3X - Wheat/Gluten Proteome Reactivity & Autoimmunity Screen

Inclusion of the specific antigens comprising Antibody Array 3, or Comprehensive Gluten Reactivity and Autoimmunity is based on recent medical research studies. Comprehensive quantitative mapping of T-cell epitopes was determined in CD. Results demonstrated that people respond to a heterogeneous array of peptides; some recognized many peptides from single or multiple gliadin families, while others reacted to only one peptide. These results confirmed that a large number of gluten epitopes may be implicated in the development of CD and associated diseases. Indeed, a T-cell line from one Celiac patient failed to recognize any of the 21 tested peptides, which confirmed that a large number of gluten and other wheat protein epitopes are implicated in development of CD and associated disorders. This suggests that other gliadin peptides and proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of Gluten-Reactivity and CD.

Array 4 - Gluten-Associated Cross-Reactive Foods and Foods Sensitivity

Many times, gluten-free foods, which are supposed to be safe, can be offensive to some individuals. This can be due to sensitivity or a phenomenon called Cross-Reactivity. Once a patient is diagnosed as Celiac Disease (CD) or having Gluten Reactivity, he/she is instructed to adhere to a gluten-free diet. Brochures, books and websites help the patient with this seemingly difficult process. However, a significant percentage of these patients will continue to have gluten-like complaints even after being on a gluten-free diet (GFD) for months. Most countries define “gluten-free” products based on the recommendation of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization. This codex alimentarius allows the inclusion of up to 0.3% protein from gluten containing grains in foods labeled “gluten-free.” If the sensitive body is exposed to 0.3% protein, the immune system will recognize and react to the protein.

Array 5 Multiple Autoimmune Reactivity Screen

Predictive Autoantibody Testing: Early Detection of Autoimmune and Tissue Damage This test measures predictive autoantibodies, including some that may appear up to 10 years before clinical symptoms. It provides a cost-effective and efficient evaluation of potential tissue damage across multiple organs, empowering early diagnosis and intervention for autoimmune and related conditions. Clinical Applications: Early Autoimmune Detection: Measures predictive antibodies that can emerge up to a decade before disease onset. Comprehensive Tissue Health Assessment: Efficiently and economically identifies possible damage to multiple organs. Recommended for: Patients With Diagnosed Autoimmune Disorders: These individuals are at a higher risk of developing additional autoimmune conditions. Individuals With Chronic Increased Intestinal Permeability ("Leaky Gut"): A known gateway for environmentally triggered autoimmune diseases.

Arterial Blood Gas Analysis (ABG)

Blood gas analysis allows the assessment of oxygenation, ventilation, acid-base balance and metabolic status. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis is a critical diagnostic test that measures the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. This test is essential for assessing respiratory function and the acid-base balance within the body. By drawing blood from an artery, usually at the wrist where the radial artery is accessible, the ABG analysis provides information on parameters such as pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and oxygen saturation (O2 Sat). The pH indicates the acidity or alkalinity of the blood, with normal levels typically ranging from 7.35 to 7.45. PaO2 and PaCO2 levels assess the effectiveness of the lungs in exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide, while bicarbonate levels help gauge the metabolic component of the acid-base balance.

Autoimmune Brain Panel™ (formerly Cunningham Panel™)

The Autoimmune Brain Panel™—commonly known as the Cunningham Panel™—is a specialized neuro-immune test designed to measure autoantibodies and cell-signaling activity associated with PANS, PANDAS, Sydenham chorea, and other neuropsychiatric conditions linked to immune dysregulation. This panel evaluates whether the immune system is producing antibodies that may mistakenly target neuronal tissue, particularly structures involved in movement, behavior, mood, memory, and executive function. These autoantibodies can influence dopamine signaling and activate intracellular pathways, potentially contributing to sudden-onset symptoms such as OCD, anxiety, tics, mood changes, or cognitive decline. The panel includes five biomarkers: Anti-Dopamine Receptor D1 (DRD1) Anti-Dopamine Receptor D2L (DRD2L) Anti-Lysoganglioside GM1 Anti-Tubulin CaM Kinase II (CaMKII) activation Together, these markers help identify immune-mediated disruption of neuronal signaling, a pattern observed in autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders.

Autoimmune Liver Profile (RDL)

This profile helps differentiate between Autoimmune Hepatitis type 1 and 2.

Autoimmune Neuromuscular Profile

The Autoimmune Neuromuscular Profile offered by LabCorp is a comprehensive diagnostic panel designed to detect autoantibodies associated with various autoimmune neuromuscular disorders and to evaluate the presence of four markers related to autoimmune neuromuscular disorders, the test includes Anti-cN-1A Ab for Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM), Anti-HMGCR Ab, Anti-Jo-1 Ab, and Anti-SRP Ab.

AVISE CTD

Accurate and Early Diagnosis for Lupus and Connective Tissue Disease. Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) can be very hard to diagnose early because symptoms can be vague, inconsistent and/or attributed to other illnesses. AVISE CTD combines AVISE Lupus, a 10-marker diagnostic test designed to help rule-in or rule-out lupus, with an expanded connective tissue disease panel to aid in the differential diagnosis of other connective tissue diseases. When combined with your provider's clinical assessment, AVISE CTD can provide the information necessary to help make the right diagnosis. If you're ready to start dealing with the real cause of your symptoms don't wait. Request your AVISE CTD conversation guide to help you speak to your provider about the AVISE CTD test.