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Optimal range: 2.68 - 8.6 ng/mg Creat/Day
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 1.6 - 6.5 ng/mg Creat/Day
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 13.4 - 33.7 ng/mg Creat/Day
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.9 - 43.8 mcg/g Creat.
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 0.8 µg/g creatinine
HEMA is a metabolite of ethylene oxide, which is used in the production of agrochemicals, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products.
Chronic exposure to ethylene oxide has been determined to be mutagenic to humans.
Optimal range: 1 - 14 mmol/mol creatinine
2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is identifiable in urine by routine organic acid analysis.
What is 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria?
2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a rare neurometabolic disorder characterized by the significantly elevated levels of hydroxyglutaric acid in one's urine. It is either autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant.
2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a condition that causes progressive damage to the brain. The major types of this disorder are called D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D-2-HGA), L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA), and combined D,L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D,L-2-HGA).
Optimal range: 0 - 1.3 mmol/mol creatinine
2-Hydroxyhippuric acid is a conjugate of hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) and glycine.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.2 mmol/mol creatinine
2-Hydroxyhippuric acid is a conjugate of hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) and glycine.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.86 mmol/mol creatinine
2-Hydroxyhippuric acid is a conjugate of hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) and glycine.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.2 mmol/mol creatinine
2-Hydroxyhippuric acid is a conjugate of hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) and glycine.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.42 mmol/mol
2-Hydroxyhippuric acid is a conjugate of hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) and glycine.
Optimal range: 0 - 1005 mcg/g
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is formed endogenously as a product of branched-chain amino acid degradation and ketogenesis. This compound is also the major metabolite of gasoline octane enhancers such as MTBE and ETBE.
Optimal range: 0 - 200 µg/g creatinine
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is formed endogenously as a product of branched-chain amino acid degradation and ketogenesis. This compound is also the major metabolite of gasoline octane enhancers such as MTBE and ETBE.
Optimal range: 0 - 795 ug/g
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is formed endogenously as a product of branched-chain amino acid degradation and ketogenesis. This compound is also the major metabolite of gasoline octane enhancers such as MTBE and ETBE.
MTBE and ETBE are gasoline additives used to improve octane ratings. Exposure to these compounds is most likely due to groundwater contamination, inhalation or skin exposure to gasoline or its vapors, and exhaust fumes. MTBE has been demonstrated to cause hepatic, kidney, and central nervous system toxicity, peripheral neurotoxicity, and cancer in animals. Very high values have been reported in genetic disorders. Because the metabolites of these compounds are the same, ETBE may be similarly toxic.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid (aka Leucic acid / α-hydroxyisocaproic acid / HICA) is a metabolite of the branched-chain amino acid leucine.
Optimal range: 0 - 0 mmol/mol creatinine
2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid (aka Leucic acid / α-hydroxyisocaproic acid / HICA) is a metabolite of the branched-chain amino acid leucine.
