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Optimal range: 0 - 1 AI
Presence of Jo-1 (antihistidyl transfer RNA [t-RNA] synthetase) antibody is associated with polymyositis and may also be seen in patients with dermatomyositis.
Polymyositis is one of a group of rare diseases called the inflammatory myopathies that involve chronic (long-standing) muscle inflammation and weakness, and in some cases, pain. Myopathy is a general term used to describe a number of conditions affecting the muscles. All myopathies can cause muscle weakness.
Jo-1 antibody is also associated with pulmonary involvement (interstitial lung disease), Raynaud phenomenon, arthritis, and mechanic's hands (implicated in antisynthetase syndrome).
Reference range: Negative, Weak Positive, Moderate Positive, Strong Positive
Anti-Jo-1 Ab (RDL), or Anti-Histidyl-tRNA Synthetase Antibody, is a pivotal serological marker extensively used in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune disorders, particularly Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM), including Polymyositis (PM) and Dermatomyositis (DM). This autoantibody targets the histidyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme, which is crucial in protein synthesis. The presence of Anti-Jo-1 Ab is considered a hallmark feature of the Anti-Synthetase Syndrome, a subtype of IIM characterized by a unique clinical triad: myositis, interstitial lung disease, and polyarthritis. Patients positive for Anti-Jo-1 Ab often exhibit more severe symptoms, with a pronounced pulmonary involvement and a higher risk of developing interstitial lung disease, which can be a major determinant of prognosis.
Optimal range: 0 - 20 Units
The Anti-La (SS-B) Antibody test is an important diagnostic tool for autoimmune disorders. This test specifically detects antibodies against the La (or SS-B) antigen, which is another key protein target in certain autoimmune diseases. The presence of Anti-La (SS-B) antibodies is closely associated with Sjögren's syndrome, a condition characterized by dry eyes and mouth due to immune-mediated damage to moisture-secreting glands.
Optimal range: 0 - 281 U/mL
High levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) antibodies are indicative of penetration of LPS into the bloodstream. LPS binds to cells lining the gut and increases synthesis of pro-inflammatory substances.
Optimal range: 0 - 30 Units
High levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) antibodies are indicative of penetration of LPS into the bloodstream. LPS binds to cells lining the gut and increases synthesis of pro-inflammatory substances.
Optimal range: 0.1 - 10 Units
Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a trans-membrane protein of both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin (= an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves), involved in the process of myelination (= the formation of a myelin sheath).
Optimal range: 0.1 - 10 Units
Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a trans-membrane protein of both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin (= an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves), involved in the process of myelination (= the formation of a myelin sheath).
Optimal range: 0.1 - 10 Units
Microglia are a type of macrophage located throughout the brain and spinal cord that act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the CNS. These markers indicate a destruction of the blood brain barrier and are found to play a role in tissue destruction of Alzheimer’s disease.
Optimal range: 0.1 - 10 Units
Microglia are a type of macrophage located throughout the brain and spinal cord that act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the CNS. These markers indicate a destruction of the blood brain barrier and are found to play a role in tissue destruction of Alzheimer’s disease.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.9 Units
For diagnosis and monitoring inflammatory activity in primary systemic small vessel vasculitides. The anti-MPO-ANCA EIA is useful for confirming positive ANCA results by IFA, particularly with the pANCA pattern.
Optimal range: 5.5 - 37.4 pmol/L , 0.77 - 5.24 ng/mL
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a protein hormone produced by cells within the ovary. Understanding your AMH level can help to assess your ovarian egg reserve and therefore your fertility.
Optimal range: 0.1 - 10 Units
Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is a single-pass transmembrane protein that has a critical role in signaling between motor neurons and skeletal muscle. Anti-MuSK is an important marker in patients without anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis disease.
Optimal range: 0.1 - 10 Units
Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is a single-pass transmembrane protein that has a critical role in signaling between motor neurons and skeletal muscle. Anti-MuSK is an important marker in patients without anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis disease.
Optimal range: 0.1 - 10 Units
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein believed to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system. Anti-Myelin basic protein is related to the risk for multiple sclerosis, autism, PANDAS/ANDAS/OCD, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Optimal range: 0.1 - 10 Units
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein believed to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system. Anti-Myelin basic protein is related to the risk for multiple sclerosis, autism, PANDAS/ANDAS/OCD, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Optimal range: 0.1 - 10 Units
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a glycoprotein associated with the myelination of nerves in the central nervous system (CNS).
MOG is found in the myelin that insulates the nerves of the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. Damage to myelin causes disruption in the transmission of nerve signals in the body and a variety of symptoms.