Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a glycoprotein associated with the myelination of nerves in the central nervous system (CNS).

MOG is found in the myelin that insulates the nerves of the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. Damage to myelin causes disruption in the transmission of nerve signals in the body and a variety of symptoms.

Myelin proteolipid protein (= PLP) is the major membrane protein of central nervous system (CNS) myelin sheath that surrounds and protects nerve fibers and its expression is largely limited to oligodendrocytes (myelinating cells of the central nervous system).

Anti-myelin proteolipid protein antibodies (anti-PLP antibodies) are produced by the immune system and can attack the myelin sheath, leading to damage and destruction of nerve fibers.

Anti-myelin proteolipid protein antibodies are a useful marker in patients with seronegative anti-myelin basic protein, the frequent marker in active multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis.

Myelin proteolipid protein (= PLP) is the major membrane protein of central nervous system (CNS) myelin sheath that surrounds and protects nerve fibers and its expression is largely limited to oligodendrocytes (myelinating cells of the central nervous system).

Anti-myelin proteolipid protein antibodies (anti-PLP antibodies) are produced by the immune system and can attack the myelin sheath, leading to damage and destruction of nerve fibers.

Anti-myelin proteolipid protein antibodies are a useful marker in patients with seronegative anti-myelin basic protein, the frequent marker in active multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis.

Neurofascin (NF) is a cell adhesion molecule (= cell adhesion molecules are transmembrane glycoproteins that enable cells to bind together and attach to the extracellular matrix).

NF is expressed in both the CNS and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and plays important roles in developing and maintaining neural structures.

Anti-neurofascin autoantibodies are found mainly in combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD), a rare demyelinating condition affecting both CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) tissues, and also in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and axonal injury in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Recognition of this antibody may be important in treatment management, becauseanti-neurofascin seropositive CCPD patients respond well to Intravenous Immunoglobulin or plasma exchange treatments.

Neurofascin (NF) is a cell adhesion molecule (= cell adhesion molecules are transmembrane glycoproteins that enable cells to bind together and attach to the extracellular matrix).

NF is expressed in both the CNS and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and plays important roles in developing and maintaining neural structures.

Anti-neurofascin autoantibodies are found mainly in combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD), a rare demyelinating condition affecting both CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) tissues, and also in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and axonal injury in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Recognition of this antibody may be important in treatment management, becauseanti-neurofascin seropositive CCPD patients respond well to Intravenous Immunoglobulin or plasma exchange treatments.

Neuron specific enolase is a protein enzyme that is encoded by the ENO2 gene. It is found in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. Antibodies against neuron specific enolase are found in patients with optical neuropathies (= damage inflicted on the optic nerve in your eye).

Neuron specific enolase is a protein enzyme that is encoded by the ENO2 gene. It is found in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. Antibodies against neuron specific enolase are found in patients with optical neuropathies (= damage inflicted on the optic nerve in your eye).

Anti-Nuclear Antibody by IFA (RDL) refers to a diagnostic test that detects antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in the blood. ANAs are a group of autoantibodies that target substances found in the nucleus of cells, and their presence is often associated with various autoimmune disorders.

The IFA, or Indirect Fluorescent Antibody method, is a common technique used for this test. It involves adding a patient's serum to a substrate containing cells, and then, if ANAs are present, they bind to the nuclei in the cells. After washing away unbound antibodies, a fluorescent-labeled secondary antibody is added, which attaches to any bound ANAs. Under a fluorescence microscope, the presence of ANAs is indicated by a specific pattern of fluorescence in the cells' nuclei.

This test is particularly important in diagnosing conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, and mixed connective tissue disease.

Antibodies against proteinase 3 (PR3) are referred to as c-ANCA fluorescent subtype, namely cytoplasmic antibodies (granular cytoplasmic fluorescence). PR3 is a neutral serine proteinase 3, also known as Wegener's autoantigen. Antibodies against PR3 are a highly specific marker in diagnosing Wegener's granulomatosis.

Purkinje cells, or Purkinje neurons, are a class of GABAergic neurons located in the cerebellum. Purkinje cells are aligned like dominos stacked one in front of the other. Their large dendritic arbors form nearly two-dimensional layers through which parallel fibers from the deeper-layers pass.