- An intermediate metabolite of lysine metabolism, produced primarily under oxidative stress (metal-catalyzed oxidation).

- In adolescents, α-aminoadipic acid was associated with adipogenesis and insulin resistance.

- Higher plasma α-aminoadipic acid was associated with a 4-fold risk of future diabetes and identified risk up to 12 years before the onset of overt disease.

- BCAAs, cystine, α-aminoadipic acid, phenylalanine, and leucine + lysine were significantly increased in obesity, T2D, and with worsening health.

Alpha-aminoadipic acid (also known as 2-aminoadipic acid) is an intermediary biomarker of lysine and tryptophan metabolism. The further metabolism of alpha-aminoadipic acid to alpha-ketoadipic acid requires vitamin B6.

Plasma alpha-aminoadipic acid is strongly associated with the risk of developing diabetes as seen in an assessment of the Framingham Heart Study data. Circulating levels were found to be elevated for many years prior to the onset of diabetes. Preclinical data shows it may also play a role in oxidation and atherosclerotic plaque formation.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum Ab (IgG) testing is a serological method used to detect antibodies, specifically Immunoglobulin G (IgG), against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the bacterium responsible for the tick-borne disease known as anaplasmosis. The presence of IgG antibodies typically indicates past exposure or a more chronic immune response to this pathogen. IgG antibodies against A. phagocytophilum usually develop a few weeks after the initial infection and can persist in the bloodstream for a prolonged period, making them useful markers for past infection.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum Ab (IgM) testing is a crucial diagnostic tool for detecting acute infections caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the bacterium responsible for anaplasmosis, a tick-borne disease. The IgM antibodies are the first type of antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an infection. Their presence in a patient's blood is an important indicator of a recent or ongoing infection.

Typically, IgM antibodies against A. phagocytophilum appear within the first few weeks following exposure to the bacterium. This makes the IgM test particularly valuable in the early diagnosis of anaplasmosis, especially in patients presenting with initial symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, and fatigue, which are often nonspecific and can be mistaken for other illnesses. A positive IgM test result provides strong evidence for a recent Anaplasma infection, guiding prompt treatment and management strategies. However, it's important to interpret these results carefully.

Genes associated with clarithromycin resistance.

The GI-MAP includes results for detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance genes. If an antibiotic resistance gene is present, then that class of antibiotics is designated POSITIVE for antibiotic resistance. A positive result for the presence of resistance genes for a given antibiotic indicates that the antibiotic is not an ideal choice for an antibiotic protocol. Since microbes can rapidly share DNA under stress, the presence of antibiotic resistance is reason enough to avoid that drug class.

Genes associated with clarithromycin resistance.

The GI-MAP includes results for detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance genes. If an antibiotic resistance gene is present, then that class of antibiotics is designated POSITIVE for antibiotic resistance. A positive result for the presence of resistance genes for a given antibiotic indicates that the antibiotic is not an ideal choice for an antibiotic protocol. Since microbes can rapidly share DNA under stress, the presence of antibiotic resistance is reason enough to avoid that drug class.

Genes associated with clarithromycin resistance.

The GI-MAP includes results for detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance genes. If an antibiotic resistance gene is present, then that class of antibiotics is designated POSITIVE for antibiotic resistance. A positive result for the presence of resistance genes for a given antibiotic indicates that the antibiotic is not an ideal choice for an antibiotic protocol. Since microbes can rapidly share DNA under stress, the presence of antibiotic resistance is reason enough to avoid that drug class.

Genes associated with tetracycline resistance.

The GI-MAP includes results for detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance genes. If an antibiotic resistance gene is present, then that class of antibiotics is designated POSITIVE for antibiotic resistance. A positive result for the presence of resistance genes for a given antibiotic indicates that the antibiotic is not an ideal choice for an antibiotic protocol. Since microbes can rapidly share DNA under stress, the presence of antibiotic resistance is reason enough to avoid that drug class.

The AA (Arachidonic Acid) test in red blood cells (RBC), a critical component of the Micronutrient panel by Vibrant America, provides an essential analysis of arachidonic acid levels, a prominent omega-6 fatty acid. AA plays a significant role in inflammatory and immune responses and is a key component of cell membranes, impacting cellular signaling and function. Measuring AA in RBCs offers a more accurate and long-term view of the body's fatty acid profile than serum levels, reflecting true cellular uptake and utilization. This test is particularly crucial in evaluating the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, which is vital for maintaining optimal health and preventing chronic diseases.

EPA (n3) and AA (n6) both compete for use of the delta-5- desaturase enzyme to be synthesized. Increased dietary intake of animal fats alters fatty acid metabolism in favor of inflammation. There are many chronic diseases associated with elevations of this ratio including cardiovascular disease, mood disorders, and cancer. Increasing dietary intake of fish oils, or omega-3 fatty acid containing foods such as flax, chia, oily fish, or walnuts, can shift delta-5-desaturase activity toward the metabolism of the more beneficial n-3 metabolites.

Decreasing intake of animal fats is also recommended.

This test measures the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in plasma. This ratio of the principle omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is a measure of the body’s eicosanoid balance. Balancing these eicosanoids in the body is an excellent way
for managing heart disease and other chronic and inflammatory processes.

This test measures the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in plasma. This ratio of the principle omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is a measure of the body’s eicosanoid balance. Balancing these eicosanoids in the body is an excellent way
for managing heart disease and other chronic and inflammatory processes.

This test measures the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in plasma. This ratio of the principle omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is a measure of the body’s eicosanoid balance. Balancing these eicosanoids in the body is an excellent way
for managing heart disease and other chronic and inflammatory processes.

This test measures the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in plasma. This ratio of the principle omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is a measure of the body’s eicosanoid balance. Balancing these eicosanoids in the body is an excellent way
for managing heart disease and other chronic and inflammatory processes.

This test measures the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in plasma. This ratio of the principle omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is a measure of the body’s eicosanoid balance. Balancing these eicosanoids in the body is an excellent way
for managing heart disease and other chronic and inflammatory processes.

This test measures the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in plasma. This ratio of the principle omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is a measure of the body’s eicosanoid balance. Balancing these eicosanoids in the body is an excellent way
for managing heart disease and other chronic and inflammatory processes.

Only one omega-6 fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA), and one omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), make up the AA:EPA ratio. The desirable range for the AA:EPA ratio is 2.5:1 – 11:1. The desirable ranges for the ratio were calculated to correspond to the desirable range for the Omega-3 Index due to the strong relationship among these metrics.

Ab NK (CD56/16) refers to the antibody staining of natural killer (NK) cells to detect the presence of specific surface markers, CD56 and CD16. CD56 is a neural cell adhesion molecule, and CD16 is an Fc receptor. Ab NK (CD56/16) analysis is crucial in identifying and characterizing different subsets of NK cells, including the CD56bright and CD56dim populations, each with distinct functional roles in the immune system.