The biomarker Abnormal Protein Band 1 is part of a blood test called "Protein Electrophoresis". 

Protein electrophoresis is a test that measures specific proteins in the blood. The test separates proteins in the blood based on their electrical charge. The protein electrophoresis test is often used to find abnormal substances called M proteins (the M stands for "monoclonal").

The "Abs. CD 8 Suppressor" biomarker in a T + B-Lymphocyte Differential panel from Labcorp measures the absolute count of CD8 positive suppressor T-cells in the blood. CD8 cells, also known as cytotoxic T cells, play a critical role in the immune system's defense against pathogens and cancer cells by directly destroying infected or malignant cells. The absolute count provides a specific numeric value of these cells, unlike percentage values which only give a proportion relative to other cells.

The biomarker "Abs.CD19+ Lymphs" in the T + B-Lymphocyte Differential panel from Labcorp measures the absolute count of CD19 positive lymphocytes, which are primarily B cells. CD19 is a marker indicating B cell presence, crucial for the adaptive immune response, especially in antibody production. This absolute count provides a specific numerical value rather than a percentage, offering a direct measure of the B cell population in the blood. It's instrumental in diagnosing and monitoring conditions affecting B cell function, such as immunodeficiency disorders, certain types of leukemia, and autoimmune diseases. Understanding variations in these counts is vital for evaluating the immune system's health and function.

CD25 is the receptor for IL2 and is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, and macrophages. CD25 is expressed in certain types of B-cell lymphoma (hairy cell leukemia) and T-cell lymphoma (adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia [ATLL]).

Why use the CD57 test?

The CD57 test is offered in some clinical laboratories and is being used by some health practitioners to evaluate and follow patients diagnosed with chronic Lyme disease.

What is Lyme disease?

Lyme disease, the most common vector-borne illness in the United States, is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by the bite of the Ixodes sp. tick (the deer tick).

The disease usually begins with erythema migrans, an expanding skin lesion at the site of the tick bite. Within several days or weeks, there is hematogenous dissemination of the spirochetes, and patients may present with dermatologic, neurological, cardiac, and rheumatologic involvement.

CD3+ cells are all T-lymphocytes, which includes both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte cells.

This figure is rarely used for making treatment decisions.

CD3+ cells are all T-lymphocytes, which includes both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte cells.

This figure is rarely used for making treatment decisions.

Absolute CD3 cells, also known as CD3+ cells, refer to a subset of T-lymphocytes that express the CD3 marker on their surface. CD3 is a protein complex and T cell co-receptor involved in activating both cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ naive T cells) and T helper cells (CD4+ naive T cells). 

Absolute CD3 cell count represents the total number of CD3+ cells in a given blood sample. It includes both CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, which are subtypes of T cells with different functions.

The CD4 cells are Helper T-cells expressing both CD3 and CD4.

CD4 T-cells levels are a criterion for categorizing HIV-related clinical conditions by CDC's classification system for HIV infection. The measurement of CD4 T-cell levels has been used to establish decision points for initiating P. jirovecii prophylaxis, antiviral therapy and to monitor the efficacy of treatment. The Public Health Service (PHS) has recommended that CD4 T-cell levels be monitored every 3 to 6 months in all HIV-infected persons.

During HIV infection, antiviral therapy is often initiated when the absolute CD4 count drops below 500 cells/µL. When the absolute CD4 count drops below 200 cells/µL, therapeutic prophylaxis against PCP and other opportunistic infections may be initiated. When the absolute CD4 count drops below 100 cells/µL, prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex is recommended.

The CD4 cells are Helper T-cells expressing both CD3 and CD4.

CD4 T-cells levels are a criterion for categorizing HIV-related clinical conditions by CDC's classification system for HIV infection. The measurement of CD4 T-cell levels has been used to establish decision points for initiating P. jirovecii prophylaxis, antiviral therapy and to monitor the efficacy of treatment. The Public Health Service (PHS) has recommended that CD4 T-cell levels be monitored every 3 to 6 months in all HIV-infected persons.

During HIV infection, antiviral therapy is often initiated when the absolute CD4 count drops below 500 cells/µL. When the absolute CD4 count drops below 200 cells/µL, therapeutic prophylaxis against PCP and other opportunistic infections may be initiated. When the absolute CD4 count drops below 100 cells/µL, prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex is recommended.

This figure is rarely used for making treatment decisions.

CD4 and CD8 are two types of white blood cells in your blood. CD4 cells are also called T-helper cells, T-suppressor cells, and cytotoxic T-cells. They help the body fight infections. CD8 cells are also called cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. They help fight cancer and germs that live inside your cells (intracellular pathogens).

The absolute number of all CD8 cells, which include both killer and suppressor T cells. The normal range for an HIV-negative person is 150 to 1,000. It is usually higher in a person with HIV.

The CD19 antigen (aka B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 or Cluster of Differentiation 19) plays an important role in clinical oncology. It’s a protein found on the surface of B-cells, a type of white blood cell.

CD3+ cells are all T-lymphocytes, which includes both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte cells.

This figure is rarely used for making treatment decisions.

The CD4 cells are Helper T-cells expressing both CD3 and CD4.

CD4 T-cells levels are a criterion for categorizing HIV-related clinical conditions by CDC's classification system for HIV infection. The measurement of CD4 T-cell levels has been used to establish decision points for initiating P. jirovecii prophylaxis, antiviral therapy and to monitor the efficacy of treatment. The Public Health Service (PHS) has recommended that CD4 T-cell levels be monitored every 3 to 6 months in all HIV-infected persons.

During HIV infection, antiviral therapy is often initiated when the absolute CD4 count drops below 500 cells/µL. When the absolute CD4 count drops below 200 cells/µL, therapeutic prophylaxis against PCP and other opportunistic infections may be initiated. When the absolute CD4 count drops below 100 cells/µL, prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex is recommended.

Reference Ranges:

18-55 years: 0.99-3.15 thou/mcL

>55 years: 1.00-3.33 thou/mcL

The absolute CD45 count is a measurement of the total number of lymphocytes in a blood sample. CD45 is a surface marker expressed on all white blood cells, including lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes.

The absolute CD45 count provides information about the overall quantity of lymphocytes present, which can be clinically relevant in evaluating various immune system disorders or conditions that affect lymphocyte levels. 

For example, low absolute CD45 counts may be seen in immunodeficiency disorders, while elevated counts can occur in certain infections, autoimmune diseases, or blood cancers.

This figure is rarely used for making treatment decisions.

CD4 and CD8 are two types of white blood cells in your blood. CD4 cells are also called T-helper cells, T-suppressor cells, and cytotoxic T-cells. They help the body fight infections. CD8 cells are also called cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. They help fight cancer and germs that live inside your cells (intracellular pathogens).

The absolute number of all CD8 cells, which include both killer and suppressor T cells. The normal range for an HIV-negative person is 150 to 1,000. It is usually higher in a person with HIV.

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell found in the body. They serve in several major roles in our immune system including identification of and response to invading organism. Your healthcare professional may assess lymphocyte levels when a white blood cell count came back as abnormal.