4-M-E2 (4-Methoxyestradiol) and 4-OH-E2 (4-Hydroxyestradiol) are two important estrogen metabolites whose levels are of particular interest in post-menopausal women, especially when assessed through a Hormone and Urinary Metabolites Assessment Profile. This profile is designed to evaluate the balance and metabolism of hormones, providing valuable insights into a woman's health status after menopause.

Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms.

Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms.

Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms.

4-Methoxyestradiol (4-ME2) is an endogenous, naturally occurring methoxylated catechol estrogen and metabolite of estradiol that is formed by catechol O-methyltransferase via the intermediate 4-hydroxyestradiol.

Neutralized version of carcinogenic 4-OH-E1

Methyl metabolites are considered inactive and are correlated with antiproliferative effects. Proper elimination of 4-M-E2 requires optimal excretion via GI tract optimization. To fully understand this value, it may be beneficial to examine the 4-M-E2 / 4-OH-E2 ratio.

4-Methoxyestradiol is a metabolite of estradiol. 4-Methoxyestradiol is analyzed for its concentration and metabolic behavior in the human body. This analysis is vital for understanding its biological role and implications in various physiological and pathological processes. As an endogenous non-steroidal estrogen metabolite, 4-Methoxyestradiol possesses distinct properties, differing from its parent compound estradiol in terms of receptor affinity and biological activity.

4-Methoxyestrone is a metabolite of estrone, a form of estrogen, and is produced through the methoxylation process. This metabolite is considered to be a less active form of estrogen, having weaker estrogenic effects compared to other metabolites like 16a-Hydroxyestrone. The presence and levels of 4-Methoxyestrone in a pre-menopausal woman can offer insights into her estrogen detoxification pathways, specifically indicating the activity of methylation processes in the body. Efficient methylation is important for the neutralization and elimination of estrogen and its metabolites, reducing the risk of estrogen-dominant conditions.

Most recent studies find an increased breast cancer risk associated with the ratio of 4-pathway cetechols to 4-pathway methylated catechols.

Most recent studies find an increased breast cancer risk associated with the ratio of 4-pathway cetechols to 4-pathway methylated catechols.

Since 4-methylhippuric acid (4-MHA) is a metabolite of p-xylene, the measurement of 4-MHA in urine may be correlated to a subject's level of xylene exposure.

4-Nonylphenols are used in manufacturing antioxidants, lubricating oil additives, laundry and dish detergents, emulsiers, and solubilizers. These compounds are also precursors used to produce paints, pesticides, cosmetics, and plastics. Nonylphenol persists in aquatic environments and is moderately bioaccumulative. It is not readily biodegradable, and it can take months or longer to degrade in surface waters, soils, and sediments. It has a potential role as an endocrine disruptor and xenoestrogen due to its ability to act with estrogen-like activity. Nonylphenol exposure has also been associated with breast cancer.