Outros Nomes: Plaquetas, Contagem de Trombócitos
As plaquetas, também chamadas de trombócitos, são pequenos fragmentos de células incolores presentes no sangue. Sua principal função é formar coágulos que interrompem ou previnem sangramentos.
As plaquetas são produzidas na medula óssea, o tecido esponjoso dentro dos ossos. A medula óssea contém células-tronco que se transformam em glóbulos vermelhos, glóbulos brancos e plaquetas.
A principal função das plaquetas é formar coágulos quando os vasos sanguíneos estão danificados. Por exemplo, se você cortar a pele, as plaquetas se unem aos fatores de coagulação (proteínas presentes no sangue) para formar uma espécie de “cola” que fecha o ferimento e interrompe o sangramento.
A contagem de plaquetas é um exame de sangue de rotina que mede a quantidade de plaquetas no sangue.
Uma contagem saudável de plaquetas geralmente varia de 150.000 a 450.000 plaquetas por microlitro de sangue.
Monitorar os níveis de plaquetas é importante porque contagens anormais podem indicar problemas de saúde:
A contagem de plaquetas geralmente faz parte de um exame de sangue completo (hemograma completo - HC), que avalia glóbulos vermelhos, glóbulos brancos e plaquetas.
Seu médico pode solicitar a contagem de plaquetas durante:
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Trombocitemia e trombocitose referem-se a condições caracterizadas por uma contagem de plaquetas no sangue maior do que o normal.
As plaquetas, também conhecidas como trombócitos, são pequenas células sanguíneas produzidas na medula óssea. Quando os vasos sanguíneos são danificados, as plaquetas se juntam para formar um coágulo, selando o ferimento e prevenindo sangramentos adicionais. No entanto, quando os níveis de plaquetas estão muito altos, coágulos podem se formar dentro dos vasos sanguíneos, interrompendo o fluxo normal de sangue.
Uma contagem alta de plaquetas é geralmente detectada em um exame de sangue de rotina, como o hemograma completo (HC). Diferenciar entre trombocitose reativa e trombocitemia essencial é crucial para selecionar o tratamento adequado.
Muitas pessoas com níveis elevados de plaquetas não apresentam sintomas. Quando os sintomas ocorrem, geralmente estão associados a coágulos sanguíneos ou, menos frequentemente, a sangramentos.
Este tipo mais comum de trombocitose ocorre devido a condições médicas subjacentes, como:
A causa exata é desconhecida, mas pode envolver mutações genéticas (e.g., JAK2, CALR, MPL) que fazem a medula óssea produzir plaquetas em excesso, que podem não funcionar corretamente. A trombocitemia essencial apresenta maior risco de complicações por coágulos ou sangramentos do que a trombocitose reativa.
Para diagnosticar essas condições, os profissionais de saúde podem:
O tratamento da trombocitose secundária foca na causa subjacente. Medicamentos para reduzir as plaquetas geralmente não são necessários, já que a função das plaquetas permanece normal.
Para casos de trombocitemia essencial, as opções de tratamento podem incluir:
Trombocitemia e trombocitose podem causar:
Compreender os sintomas, causas e tratamentos dessas condições ajuda as pessoas a trabalharem com seus profissionais de saúde para gerenciar a condição de forma eficaz.
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Trombocitopenia é o termo médico para uma contagem baixa de plaquetas. Ela pode resultar de uma condição subjacente, como leucemia ou distúrbios do sistema imunológico, ou ser um efeito colateral de determinados medicamentos.
A trombocitopenia pode variar de leve, com poucos ou nenhum sintoma, até grave, onde níveis perigosamente baixos de plaquetas podem causar sangramento interno. Existem opções de tratamento para gerenciar a condição.
A trombocitopenia pode ser hereditária ou causada por medicamentos ou condições médicas. Ela ocorre quando os níveis de plaquetas caem devido a um ou mais dos seguintes processos:
Um baço aumentado, localizado sob a caixa torácica no lado esquerdo do abdômen, pode reter plaquetas, reduzindo sua circulação. Condições que aumentam o tamanho do baço podem levar à trombocitopenia.
As plaquetas são produzidas na medula óssea. A produção reduzida pode levar a uma contagem baixa de plaquetas. Causas incluem:
Certas condições fazem o corpo destruir plaquetas mais rapidamente do que elas são produzidas, causando uma deficiência. Exemplos incluem:
Trombocitopenia severa, com níveis abaixo de 10.000 plaquetas por microlitro, pode causar sangramentos internos perigosos. Em casos raros, pode ocorrer sangramento no cérebro, que pode ser fatal.
Consulte seu médico se notar sintomas que o preocupem. Procure atendimento médico imediato para sangramentos que não parem mesmo com medidas de primeiros socorros, como aplicar pressão na área.
O tratamento depende da gravidade da condição e da causa subjacente. Se os sintomas forem leves, pode não ser necessário tratamento. Em muitos casos, tratar a causa raiz melhora os níveis de plaquetas.
Gerenciando a condição subjacente ou ajustando medicamentos, muitas pessoas conseguem melhorar sua contagem de plaquetas.
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I have been using Healthmatters.io since 2021. I travel all over the world and use different doctors and health facilities. This site has allowed me to consolidate all my various test results over 14 years in one place. And every doctor that I show this to has been impressed. Because with any health professional I talk to, I can pull up historical results in seconds. It is invaluable. Even going back to the same doctor, they usually do not have the historical results from their facility in a graph format. That has been very helpful.
Karin
Advanced Plan Member since 2020
What fantastic service and great, easy-to-follow layouts! I love your website; it makes it so helpful to see patterns in my health data. It's truly a pleasure to use. I only wish the NHS was as organized and quick as Healthmatters.io. You've set a new standard for health tracking!
Paul
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As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
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Basófilos (Absoluto), Basófilos (Percentual), Células Brancas do Sangue (Leucócitos / WBC), Células Vermelhas do Sangue (Eritrócitos / RBC), Concentração de Hemoglobina Corpuscular Média (CHCM), Contagem de plaquetas / Plaquetas, Eosinófilos (Absoluto), Eosinófilos (Percentual), Hematócrito (HCT) / Volume de Glóbulos Compactados (VGC), Hemoglobina, Hemoglobina Corpuscular Média (HCM), Linfócitos (Absoluto), Linfócitos (Percentual), Monócitos (Absoluto), Monócitos (Percentual), Neutrófilos (Absoluto), Neutrófilos (Percentual), RDW-CV (Largura de Distribuição das Hemácias) em %, Volume Corpuscular Médio (VCM), Volume Plaquetário Médio (MPV)
