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Reference range: Positive, Negative, Equivocal
IgG Antibodies: this is the most commonly formed antibody. It is usually released upon a secondary exposure to the antigen. This type of antibody can reflect either an ongoing or a previous infection. It usually comes in a secondary stage. When the body first gets exposed to a certain antigen (primary exposure), it releases another kind of antibodies. When these decrease in number, following a secondary exposure, the body will start releasing IgG. This kind of antibody plays a major role in the phagocytic process that aims at eliminating antigens from our system.
IgG antibodies are predominant immunoglobulins; and, are found everywhere in our fluids: in both intra- and extravascular fluids. When a person becomes infected, these type of antibodies may remain in your system for many years, even after the infection is eradicated.
Reference range: Positive, Negative
IgM antibodies: this type is the first antibody released, following any first-time exposure to a certain antigen. Once formed, it activates the compliment and initiate the phagocytic system to help the body getting rid of invading antigens. IgM are specific to our intravascularly tissues. They are the most predominant immunoglobulins released upon any early infection. If the body gets re-infected with the same pathogen, the IgM levels will no longer be as elevated as in early infections. The body will then release IgG’s antibodies instead.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.9 index
Candida Immune Complexes which form in vivo are comprised of Candida Albicans antigen, anti-Candida IgG antibodies, and complement. The presence of these complexes is an indication of overgrowth of C. albicans in the gut. Candida immune complexes not only aid in diagnosing intestinal overgrowth, but that levels of complexes decrease during successful treatment of the condition
Symptoms of Candida intestinal overgrowth include bloating, itching, and skin rashes. Lehman and Reiss suggested that the presence of immune complexes to Candida is an objective means of diagnosing the condition. The results of Broughton and Lanson concluded that the marker for Candida immune complexes not only aid in diagnosing intestinal overgrowth, but that levels of complexes decrease during successful treatment.
Reference range: 0 (No Presence), 1 (Low Presence), 2 (Moderate Presence), 3 (High Presence), 4 (Heavy Presence)
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 0 cfu/ml
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 5000 Units
Commensal fungi that can be pathogenic to immunocompromised patients. Causes vaginal yeast infections and can be fatal in systemic infections. May cause diarrhea. Has been suggested to cause a cluster of symptoms including GI complaints, fatigue, and muscle or joint pain but evidence is weak.
Reference range: Very Low, Low, Moderate, High, Very High
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.1 - 1.9 ELISA Index
LEARN MOREReference range: Very Low, Low, Moderate, High, Very High
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.1 - 1.2 ELISA Index
LEARN MOREReference range: Very Low, Low, Moderate, High, Very High
LEARN MOREReference range: Not Detected, Detected
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.8 - 6.2 µmol/L
Capric acid (also known as Decanoic acid) is a medium-chain fatty acid (=MCFA) abundant in tropical oils such as coconut oil, whereas small amounts are present in milk of goat, cow, and human. The MCFAs are virtually nonexistent in meats because animals oxidize them very rapidly from plants consumed, and do not accumulate in the tissues.
Reference range: 100% Inhibition, 80% Inhibition, 60% Inhibition, 40% Inhibition, 20% Inhibition, 0% Inhibition
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 33 %
The CAR Decline Response is a significant indicator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functionality and reflects the body's response to stress. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including metabolism regulation, immune response modulation, and stress response. Upon waking, cortisol levels typically surge, peaking within the first 30 to 45 minutes, and then gradually decline throughout the day, following a diurnal rhythm. This initial spike, or the CAR, is thought to be associated with the anticipation of the upcoming day's challenges and is influenced by various factors such as sleep quality, psychosocial stressors, and underlying health conditions.
Optimal range: 35 - 60 %
The "CAR (Cortisol Awakening Response) Rise Response" is a physiological phenomenon observed in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, reflecting the body's reaction to stress and its regulatory mechanisms of stress hormones, primarily cortisol.
Upon awakening, a marked increase in cortisol levels is typically observed, peaking within the first 30 to 45 minutes after waking. This response is thought to be an adaptive mechanism that prepares the body for the anticipated demands of the day, enhancing alertness and mobilizing energy resources. The magnitude and pattern of the CAR can be influenced by various factors, including sleep quality, psychosocial stressors, and underlying health conditions. Scientific studies have utilized the CAR as a biomarker for assessing HPA axis function and its dysregulation in stress-related disorders, such as chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).