Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an enzyme that helps regulate blood pressure.

An increased blood level of ACE is sometimes found in sarcoidosis, a systemic disorder of unknown cause that often affects the lungs but may also affect many other body organs, including the eyes, skin, nerves, liver, and heart.

Our body chemistry consists of a never-ending cascade of molecules reacting with one another to make more complex molecules. A few are commonly familiar: sodium, potassium, and chloride. These can be further classified by their electrical charge. Sodium and potassium are positively charged and are referred to as cations; chloride is negatively charged and is referred to as an anion. An anion gap refers to the measured difference between cations and anions in serum, plasma, or urine.  An usual anion gap measurement may indicate a number of conditions depending on whether the reading is high or low, the most common being a high anion gap reading as an indication of acidosis. Symptoms of acidosis include:

- Fatigue

- Confusion

- Shortness of breath

- Headache

There are a number of cations and anions in the body; therefore, it is most useful to narrow an anion gap blood test to a few specific molecules or a single source of fluid to make the readings more concise. 

Anion gap (AG) is a calculated value commonly used in clinical practice. It approximates the difference between the concentration of unmeasured anions (UA) and unmeasured cations (UC) in serum. At present, the reference range of anion gap has been lowered from 8-16 to 3-11 mmol/l because of the changes in technique for measuring electrolyte. However, clinicians and textbooks still refer and use the old reference value of 8-16 mmol/l. This may lead to misinterpretation of the value of anion gap. [R]

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What does a slightly decreased (medium risk) value of Anion Gap signify?

A slightly decreased anion gap can indicate conditions such as hypoalbuminemia, hypercalcemia, hypermagnesemia, multiple myeloma, or intoxication with substances like lithium, bromide, or iodide. To increase the anion gap back to the normal reference range, it's essential to address the underlying cause. This might involve treating the underlying disease (e.g., managing hypoalbuminemia or hypercalcemia), discontinuing or adjusting medications causing electrolyte imbalances, or correcting intoxications. Effective management of these underlying issues typically helps restore the anion gap to normal levels.

What does it mean if Albumin levels are also low?

If albumin levels are also low, contributing to a decreased anion gap, addressing the underlying cause is crucial. This can involve improving nutritional intake, managing chronic diseases like liver disease or nephrotic syndrome, adjusting medications, or in some cases, providing albumin infusions. By treating the root cause of hypoalbuminemia, both albumin levels and the anion gap can be restored to their normal ranges.

Anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-histidine) is a urinary biomarker from the consumption of poultry and fish. It is a dipeptide consisting of the amino acids 1-methylhistidine and beta-alanine. The enzyme carnosineN-methyl transferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) on carnosine to form anserine. Anserine acts as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and pH buffer. It can reduce blood sugar and affect renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Anserine is measured in FMV urine only.

Anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-histidine) is a urinary biomarker from the consumption of poultry and fish. It is a dipeptide consisting of the amino acids 1-methylhistidine and beta-alanine. The enzyme carnosineN-methyl transferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) on carnosine to form anserine. Anserine acts as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and pH buffer. It can reduce blood sugar and affect renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Anserine is measured in FMV urine only.

Anserine is a dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine, and it is included in the OMX Organic Metabolomics test panel by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory. Elevated levels of anserine in the test results can indicate increased muscle metabolism or oxidative stress, as anserine acts as a buffer in muscle tissue, helping to maintain pH levels during intense physical activity. This marker is particularly relevant for athletes or individuals engaged in high levels of physical exertion, as it may reflect adaptations to training or muscle recovery processes. Additionally, anserine levels can provide insights into dietary habits, particularly protein intake, and may also be associated with certain metabolic conditions. Monitoring anserine alongside other metabolites allows practitioners to gain a comprehensive understanding of a patient's metabolic health and tailor interventions accordingly.

Anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-histidine) is a urinary biomarker from the consumption of poultry and fish. It is a dipeptide consisting of the amino acids 1-methylhistidine and beta-alanine. The enzyme carnosineN-methyl transferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) on carnosine to form anserine. Anserine acts as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and pH buffer. It can reduce blood sugar and affect renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Anserine is measured in FMV urine only.

Anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-histidine) is a urinary biomarker from the consumption of poultry and fish. It is a dipeptide consisting of the amino acids 1-methylhistidine and beta-alanine. The enzyme carnosineN-methyl transferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) on carnosine to form anserine. Anserine acts as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and pH buffer. It can reduce blood sugar and affect renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Anserine is measured in FMV urine only.

Anserine is part of a group of Beta-Amino Acids and Derivatives. Anserine is beta-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine, and it is known to come from chicken, turkey, duck, rabbit, tuna and salmon.

Anserine is part of a group of Beta-Amino Acids and Derivatives. Anserine is beta-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine, and it is known to come from chicken, turkey, duck, rabbit, tuna and salmon.

Anserine is part of a group of Beta-Amino Acids and Derivatives. Anserine is beta-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine, and it is known to come from chicken, turkey, duck, rabbit, tuna and salmon.

Anserine is a dipeptide, a small molecule composed of two amino acids, specifically beta-alanine and histidine. It is commonly found in the skeletal muscles and brain of mammals and is particularly abundant in poultry and fish. The presence and concentration of anserine in urine can provide valuable insights into various physiological and pathological conditions. For instance, elevated levels of anserine in urine may indicate increased muscle breakdown or protein catabolism, which can occur during intense physical activity, muscle wasting diseases, or certain metabolic disorders. Conversely, low levels might suggest issues with protein intake or absorption. Monitoring anserine levels can be crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions related to muscle metabolism and overall protein utilization in the body. By evaluating the urinary excretion of anserine, healthcare providers can gain a better understanding of an individual's metabolic state and potentially identify underlying health issues that require further investigation or intervention.

Other names: Anthranilate

- Several clinical studies have reported increased excretion of anthranilic acid and other metabolites in bladder cancer patients.

- Anthranilic acid was one of nine markers that positively correlated with proteinuria.

- Anthranilic acid comes from the kynurenine pathway, which is B6 dependent; Anthranilic acid activity may be reduced during vitamin B6 restriction.

- In a mathematical model without a tryptophan load, a moderate B6 deficiency resulted in slight decreases in kynurenic and anthranilic acids.

- Patients with acute intermittent porphyria had significantly increased urinary excretion of kynurenine and anthranilic acid.

The AntiDNAse B Titer is a test used in conjunction with ASO titer tests. It tests for poststreptococcal complications.

This test allows for the detection of the presence of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase, which provides early evidence of autoimmune disease activity; its measurement has been shown to be useful in assisting the physician in the prediction, diagnosis, and management of patients with diabetes.

Anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies, detected through the Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) panel, are crucial in diagnosing autoimmune diseases like Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) and Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA). These conditions, part of autoimmune vasculitides, involve the immune system mistakenly attacking blood vessels, leading to inflammation and potential organ damage.

MPA is a rare autoimmune disorder causing inflammation in small and medium-sized vessels, affecting organs like kidneys and lungs, with symptoms like fatigue and joint pain. EGPA, formerly known as Churg-Strauss Syndrome, also targets small to medium vessels but is marked by high eosinophil counts, affecting organs including lungs and heart, and presenting symptoms like asthma and skin rashes.

Myeloperoxidase is an enzyme in white blood cells aiding infection defense. Anti-MPO antibodies, indicating an immune attack on this enzyme, are significant in diagnosing and managing these vasculitides. High anti-MPO levels in MPA signify active disease and potential relapse. In EGPA, their presence aids in diagnosis and prognosis. These antibodies can trigger damaging immune responses in blood vessels, leading to inflammation. Continuous research on anti-MPO antibodies is pivotal in understanding and treating autoimmune vasculitides.

Anti-Proteinase 3 antibodies (PR3-ANCA) are key in diagnosing Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks blood vessels, mainly affecting the respiratory system and kidneys. Proteinase 3, an enzyme in neutrophils, is targeted by these antibodies, leading to vessel inflammation and damage. High levels of anti-PR3 antibodies indicate active GPA, aiding in its management and treatment decisions. This understanding is vital for developing targeted therapies to control the disease.