The table below outlines typical TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) levels, highlighting normal, low (associated with hyperthyroidism), and high (associated with hypothyroidism) values:
| Condition | TSH Range (mIU/L) |
|---|---|
| Hyperthyroidism | 0 - 0.4 |
| Normal | 0.4 - 4.0 |
| Mild Hypothyroidism | 4.0 - 10.0 |
| Hypothyroidism | >10.0 |
These reference values are commonly used by most laboratories.
TSH, or Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, also known as thyrotropin, plays a key role in regulating thyroid gland function. Secreted by the pituitary gland, TSH prompts the thyroid to produce critical hormones like T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine), which influence nearly every cell in the body. The release of TSH is controlled by thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus. Thyroid hormones, in turn, provide negative feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary to maintain hormonal balance.
TSH measurements are essential for diagnosing thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. These tests are often complemented with additional thyroid function tests, including free T4, free T3, total T4, total T3, and reverse T3.
Children:
Adults (Non-Pregnant): 0.40–4.50 mIU/L
Pregnancy:
Understanding variations in TSH levels is crucial, as treatment solely based on lab results—without considering symptoms—may be ineffective. Below are key factors to consider:
Occasional errors in sample handling or transcription can lead to inaccurate results. Repeating the test is often recommended when results are unexpected or inconsistent with symptoms.
To ensure accuracy, it’s recommended to schedule tests consistently—ideally at the same time of day—and discuss any medications or supplements with your healthcare provider before testing.
TSH testing is a vital tool for evaluating thyroid health. However, results should always be interpreted alongside clinical symptoms and additional thyroid function tests for a comprehensive assessment.
Sources:
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High levels of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) typically indicate an underactive thyroid, commonly referred to as primary hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. When thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are low, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland increase TSH production to stimulate the thyroid. Elevated TSH levels can signify a range of thyroid-related conditions, each with unique causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
TSH reference ranges can vary between laboratories and age groups. For adults, the general normal range is 0.4–4.0 mIU/L, although some experts suggest an upper limit of 2.5 mIU/L for optimal thyroid health. During pregnancy, TSH levels are typically lower:
Symptoms of hypothyroidism, associated with elevated TSH, vary depending on severity. Common signs include:
Insufficient production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.
Mild hypothyroidism with elevated TSH but normal T3 and T4 levels, often asymptomatic.
Temporary thyroid dysfunction, often following thyroiditis or viral illness.
Chronic inflammation caused by the immune system attacking the thyroid gland.
Both iodine deficiency and excess can impair thyroid function.
Medications like lithium or amiodarone can interfere with thyroid hormone production.
Surgical removal or radioactive iodine treatment can lead to hypothyroidism due to reduced thyroid tissue.
Conditions present from birth, such as thyroid agenesis or hormone synthesis defects.
A rare genetic disorder where body cells are resistant to thyroid hormone.
To confirm thyroid dysfunction, your doctor may order the following tests:
Treatment varies based on the cause and severity of symptoms:
Certain substances can interfere with levothyroxine absorption, including:
Always inform your doctor about all medications and supplements.
Regular monitoring is essential:
Adjustments to medication dosage may be needed due to changes in weight, age, or overall health.
Managing elevated TSH involves more than just medication:
By following these guidelines and working closely with your healthcare provider, most individuals with elevated TSH levels can effectively manage their condition and maintain a high quality of life.
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- A low TSH often, but not always, means that a person has an elevated level of thyroid hormones.
- While often associated with hyperthyroidism, a low TSH could also be a sign of central hypothyroidism.
- If you have low levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), but normal levels of T3 and T4 it could mean that you have a condition that is called subclinical hyperthyroidism. Please refer to this article for more information on subclinical hyperthyroidism.
Some specific causes of low TSH are:
- Graves' disease
- Thyroiditis (e.g. postpartum thyroiditis, de Quervain's thyroiditis)
- Euthyroid sick syndrome
- Excessive thyroid hormone replacement therapy
- Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism
- Toxic nodular goiter
- Amiodarone
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What fantastic service and great, easy-to-follow layouts! I love your website; it makes it so helpful to see patterns in my health data. It's truly a pleasure to use. I only wish the NHS was as organized and quick as Healthmatters.io. You've set a new standard for health tracking!
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As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
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Anti-Thyroglobulin ab. (0-39), Antithyroid Antibody, Free Thyroxine, Free Thyroxine Index, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Serum, Reverse T3, Serum, T3 - Triiodothyronine (ng/mL), T3, Free (Triiodothyronine), T4, Free, T4, Total (Thyroxine), Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO Ab), Thyroid Stim Immunoglobulin, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Total T3, TRAb (TSH Receptor Binding Antibody), Triiodothyronine (T3) Uptake
