3-Oxoglutaric indicates yeast overgrowth in the gastrointestinal tract. 

3-Oxoglutaric indicates yeast overgrowth in the gastrointestinal tract. 

3-Oxoglutaric indicates yeast overgrowth in the gastrointestinal tract. 

3-Oxoglutaric acid is a simple carboxylic acid and a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, which has also been identified as a microbial metabolite. Its presence is often linked to the overgrowth of harmful or dysbiotic gut flora, such as Candida albicans. Research has shown that children with autism tend to have lower levels of 3-oxoglutaric acid, potentially due to increased uptake of this compound across the blood-brain barrier. Elevated levels of 3-oxoglutaric acid may suggest a yeast overgrowth in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It may be beneficial to consider further testing, such as a Gut Zoomer panel and fungal antibodies test, to assess the extent of dysbiosis and identify the root cause. A gut restorative protocol, which could include high-potency multi-strain probiotics, prescription or natural antifungals, and other targeted gut support, may be recommended to help restore microbial balance and improve overall gut health.

Pyrethrins are widely used as insecticides. Exposure during pregnancy doubles the likelihood of autism. Pyrethrins may affect neurological development, disrupt hormones, induce cancer, and suppress the immune system.

3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid (3PBA) is a metabolite formed as a result of exposure to pyrethroids, a class of insecticides widely used in both household and agricultural settings. Pyrethroids account for approximately 30% of the insecticide market worldwide and are designed based on the natural insecticidal compounds found in chrysanthemum flowers, known as pyrethrins. These chemicals are commonly used in agriculture, household pest control, and veterinary medicine.

Pyrethroids work by targeting the nervous system of insects, causing hyperexcitation and paralysis. While they are effective in controlling pests, exposure to pyrethroids can lead to various health concerns. Potential health impacts include neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental effects, as well as endocrine disruption. Long-term exposure has also been associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease.

Phenylpropionylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine.

- 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid is found in red beetroot, common beet, olives, and correlated with coffee intake.

- One of the most abundant phenolates, formed by microbial transformation of dietary polyphenols and endogenous metabolites such as dopamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid is highly correlated with homovanillic acid (HVA).

- 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid has antioxidant properties and significantly inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Dopac (aka 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine serves as the reward and pleasure center in the brain. DOPAC and HVA (Homovanillic Acid) are dopamine metabolites.

DOPAC levels, when viewed in conjunction with dopamine levels, may provide insight into how the body processes neurotransmitters.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionate seems to be strongly associated with a troublesome type of bacteria called Clostridia.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionate seems to be strongly associated with a troublesome type of bacteria called Clostridia.

Sources of Exposure:

- Mainly by inhalation of vapors.

- Production occurs during petroleum refining.

- Primary use is as a motor fuel additive.

- Automotive emissions, poor emission-control devices on older vehicles, poor maintenance practices, diesel engine exhaust.

- Solvent in coatings, paint thinners, wood preservatives, cleaners, dry cleaners, degreasers, aerosols, pesticides, printing and inks.

- Component of white spirit, the most widely used solvent in the paint and coating industry.

3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid was highly correlated with intake of whole-grain bread and breakfast cereals, and a primary metabolite of alkylresorcinols, a biomarker for whole-grain intake.

Alkylresorcinols are a naturally occurring type of phenolic lipid found in high concentrations in the outer layer and bran of cereal grain, primarily wheat and rye.

Two types of antibodies are detected in the Western blot test.

This particular marker is called 30 KD (IGG) Band and hence is a IgG antibody marker. IgG antibodies are a sign of an older infection. In contrast, IgM antibodies reflect a relatively recent infection. 

IgM antibodies usually disappear after eight weeks post-exposure. 
IgG remains in the serum for a very long time. 

Two types of antibodies are detected in the Western blot test.

This particular marker is called 39 KD (IGG) Band and hence is a IgG antibody marker. IgG antibodies are a sign of an older infection. In contrast, IgM antibodies reflect a relatively recent infection. 

IgM antibodies usually disappear after eight weeks post-exposure. 
IgG remains in the serum for a very long time. 

Two types of antibodies are detected in the Western blot test.

This particular marker is called 39 KD (IGM) and hence is a IgM antibody marker. IgM antibodies reflect a relatively recent infection. IgG antibodies in contrast are a sign of an older infection.

3a-Dihydroprogesterone (3a-DHP), also known as 3a-hydroxyprogesterone, is an endogenous neurosteroid. It is biosynthesized by 3a-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from progesterone. 3a-DHP has been found to act as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor and is described as being as active as allopregnanolone in regard to this action. In accordance, it has anxiolytic effects in animals. 3a-DHP has also been found to inhibit the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the rat pituitary gland, demonstrating possible antigonadotrophic properties.