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Optimal range: 0.14 - 38.95 mmol/mol
- A precursor in the production of cholesterol in both humans and yeast.
- Elevated levels may also indicate decreased CoQ10 synthesis.
- Moderate increases are probably due to yeast overgrowth of the GI tract and might also implicate yeast overgrowth with elevated serum cholesterol.
- Very elevated levels may be due to HMG aciduria (=3-hydroxy-3-metylglutaric aciduria)
Optimal range: 0.17 - 39 mmol/mol creatinine
- A precursor in the production of cholesterol in both humans and yeast.
- Elevated levels may also indicate decreased CoQ10 synthesis.
- Moderate increases are probably due to yeast overgrowth of the GI tract and might also implicate yeast overgrowth with elevated serum cholesterol.
- Very elevated levels may be due to HMG aciduria (=3-hydroxy-3-metylglutaric aciduria)
Optimal range: 0 - 26 mmol/mol creatinine
- A precursor in the production of cholesterol in both humans and yeast.
- Elevated levels may also indicate decreased CoQ10 synthesis.
- Moderate increases are probably due to yeast overgrowth of the GI tract and might also implicate yeast overgrowth with elevated serum cholesterol.
- Very elevated levels may be due to HMG aciduria (=3-hydroxy-3-metylglutaric aciduria)
Optimal range: 0 - 88 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 7 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 21 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 24 mg/g creat
3-Hydroxybutyric acid is a typical partial-degradation product of branched-chain amino acids (primarily valine) released from muscle for hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis. This acid is metabolized by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. The enzyme functions in nervous tissues and muscles, enabling the use of circulating hydroxybutyrate as a fuel.
Optimal range: 0 - 3.1 mmol/mol creatinine
3-Hydroxybutyric acid is a typical partial-degradation product of branched-chain amino acids (primarily valine) released from muscle for hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis. This acid is metabolized by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. The enzyme functions in nervous tissues and muscles, enabling the use of circulating hydroxybutyrate as a fuel.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.9 mmol/mol creatinine
3-Hydroxybutyric acid is a typical partial-degradation product of branched-chain amino acids (primarily valine) released from muscle for hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis. This acid is metabolized by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. The enzyme functions in nervous tissues and muscles, enabling the use of circulating hydroxybutyrate as a fuel.
Optimal range: 0 - 4.8 mmol/mol creatinine
3-Hydroxybutyric acid is a typical partial-degradation product of branched-chain amino acids (primarily valine) released from muscle for hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis. This acid is metabolized by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. The enzyme functions in nervous tissues and muscles, enabling the use of circulating hydroxybutyrate as a fuel.
Optimal range: 0 - 3.5 mmol/mol
3-Hydroxybutyric acid is a typical partial-degradation product of branched-chain amino acids (primarily valine) released from muscle for hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis. This acid is metabolized by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. The enzyme functions in nervous tissues and muscles, enabling the use of circulating hydroxybutyrate as a fuel.
Optimal range: 0 - 6.2 mmol/mol creatinine
3-Hydroxyglutaric is a marker for glutaryl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 4.6 mmol/mol creatinine
3-Hydroxyglutaric is a marker for glutaryl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
Optimal range: 0 - 16 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 4.9 mmol/mol
3-Hydroxyglutaric is a marker for glutaryl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
Optimal range: 0 - 97 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 72 mmol/mol creatinine
3-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid (3-HIA) is formed from the metabolism of the branched-chain amino acid leucine. Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes an essential step in this pathway and is biotin dependent. Reduced activity of this enzyme leads to an alternate pathway of metabolism resulting in 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid.
Optimal range: 0 - 29 mmol/mol creatinine
Production of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid begins with the conversion of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA into 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA in the mitochondria by the biotin-dependent enzyme methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase.
Optimal range: 0 - 29 mmol/mol creatinine
3-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid (3-HIA) is formed from the metabolism of the branched-chain amino acid leucine. Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes an essential step in this pathway and is biotin dependent. Reduced activity of this enzyme leads to an alternate pathway of metabolism resulting in 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid.
