Phocaeicola vulgatus

Stool
Optimal Result: 0.303 - 6.337 Healthy Relative Abundance IQR (%).

Generally considered a beneficial gut commensal, although is capable of attaching to and invading colonic epithelial cells and inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines.

- Produces beta-glucuronidase, succinate, lactate, acetate, formate, and propionate.

- Associated with insulin resistance.

- Contains bile salt hydrolases to metabolize bile.

- Formerly named Bacteroides vulgatus.

References:

Cuiv PO, Klaassens ES, Durkin AS, et al. Draft genome sequence of Bacteroides vulgatus PC510, a strain isolated from human feces. J Bacteriol. 2011;193(15):4025-4026.

Mroczynska M, Galecka M, Szachta P, Kamoda D, Libudzisz Z, Roszak D. Beta-glucuronidase and Beta-glucosidase activity in stool specimens of children with inflammatory bowel disease. Pol J Microbiol. 2013;62(3):319-325.

Lück R, Deppenmeier U. Genetic tools for the redirection of the central carbon flow towards the production of lactate in the human gut bacterium Phocaeicola (Bacteroides) vulgatus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022;106(3):1211-1225.

Leite AZ, Rodrigues NC, Gonzaga MI, et al. Detection of Increased Plasma Interleukin-6 Levels and Prevalence of Prevotella copri and Bacteroides vulgatus in the Feces of Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1107.

Hentges DJ, Maier BR, Burton GC, Flynn MA, Tsutakawa RK. Effect of a high-beef diet on the fecal bacterial flora of humans. Cancer Res. 1977;37(2):568-571.

Nicolucci AC, Hume MP, Martinez I, Mayengbam S, Walter J, Reimer RA. Prebiotics Reduce Body Fat and Alter Intestinal Microbiota in Children Who Are Overweight or With Obesity. Gastroenterology. 2017;153(3):711-722.

Dewulf EM, Cani PD, Claus SP, et al. Insight into the prebiotic concept: lessons from an exploratory, double blind intervention study with inulin-type fructans in obese women. Gut. 2013;62(8):1112-1121.

What does it mean if your Phocaeicola vulgatus result is too high?

If your GI test shows elevated levels of Phocaeicola vulgatus, it may indicate an imbalance in your gut microbiome. Phocaeicola vulgatus is a type of bacterium normally present in the human gut, but elevated levels can sometimes be associated with conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or other gastrointestinal disorders. An imbalance, or dysbiosis, can disrupt the normal function of your gut, leading to symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation.

Treatment options to address elevated levels of Phocaeicola vulgatus and restore gut balance include:

  1. Probiotics: Taking probiotic supplements can help introduce beneficial bacteria to your gut, potentially restoring a healthier balance of microorganisms.

  2. Prebiotics: These are non-digestible fibers that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Foods rich in prebiotics, like garlic, onions, bananas, and whole grains, can support this process.

  3. Dietary Changes: Adjusting your diet to reduce the intake of foods that may contribute to dysbiosis can be helpful. This might include reducing processed foods, sugars, and certain fats, and increasing the intake of fiber-rich foods, fruits, vegetables, and fermented foods.

  4. Antibiotics: In some cases, a healthcare provider might prescribe antibiotics to reduce harmful bacterial overgrowth. However, this is typically a last resort as antibiotics can also affect beneficial bacteria.

  5. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT): For severe cases, FMT may be considered. This involves transplanting stool from a healthy donor to restore a balanced gut microbiome.

  6. Lifestyle Changes: Stress management, regular physical activity, and adequate sleep can also contribute to a healthier gut microbiome.

It's important to work closely with your healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan. They may recommend specific tests, dietary adjustments, or other interventions based on your individual health needs and the underlying cause of the imbalance. If you have any questions or concerns about your test results or treatment options, please don't hesitate to discuss them with your healthcare provider.

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A high beef diet was associated with increases in Bacteroides fragilis, B. vulgatus and Clostridium spp. in 10 volunteers.

What does it mean if your Phocaeicola vulgatus result is too low?

Decreased levels were found in 7-12- year olds who consumed oligofructoseenriched inulin (BENEO's prebiotic fiber Synergy1) for 16 weeks in a double-blind-controlled trial.

Dietary inulin-type fructan prebiotics decreased Bacteroides vulgatus in obese women which positively correlated with changes in body composition and glucose homeostasis.

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