The Interleukins belong to the family termed cytokines. They are peptides used by immune and inflammatory cells to communicate and control cell operations.
The cytokines have some similar actions to the Growth Factors but Growth Factors regulate proliferation of non-immune cells. Interleukin-8 is a glycoprotein produced primarily by macrophages and monocytes. Its primary target cells are neutrophils.
Interleukin-8 is a chemotactic agent for monocytes and neutrophils. Interleukin 8 causes oxygen radical and enzyme release by neutrophils and mobilizes products into circulation. Interleukin 8 is stimulated by Interleukin 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor.
Interleukin 8 (IL-8) is a promising marker for many clinical conditions and currently being applied by various subspecialties of medicine either for the purpose of rapid diagnosis or as a predictor of prognosis. Nevertheless, IL-8 level increased as a result of many inflammatory conditions, so careful interpretation of IL-8 level is required to make correlation with desired clinical condition's diagnosis or prognosis.
IL-8 is involved in neutrophil activation, and is released from several cell types in response to inflammation, including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and intestine, kidney, placenta, and bone marrow cells. It is a member of the beta-thromboglobulin superfamily and is structurally related to platelet factor 4. IL-8 is involved in mitogenesis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inflammation, chemotaxis, neutrophil degranulation, leukocyte activation, and calcium homeostasis.
Promising use of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in various fields of medicine:
| Field | proposed Use | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Urology and Nephrology | Marker for chronic prostatitis | [6] |
| Marker for acute pyelonephritis | [8] | |
| Hematology | Marker for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | [17] |
| Oncology | Marker for urinary bladder cancer | [5] |
| Therapeutic target to control cancer growth and metastasis | [18] | |
| Pediatrics | Marker for nasocomial bacterial infections in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) | [15, 16] |
| Marker for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). | [9] | |
| Microbiology | Detection of pulmonary infections | [11] |
| Detection of osteomyelitis | [12] | |
| Nuclear Medicine | 99mTc-labeled IL-8 scintigraphy for diagnosis of clinical conditions | [10] |
References:
Baggiolini, M., Walz, A., & Kunkel, S. L. (1989). Neutrophil-activating peptide-1/interleukin 8, a novel cytokine that activates neutrophils. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 84(4), 1045-1049.
Stavros Apostolakis, Konstantina Vogiatzi, Virginia Amanatidou, Demetrios A. Spandidos, Interleukin 8 and cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular Research, Volume 84, Issue 3, 1 December 2009, Pages 353–360, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvp241
Koch, A. E., Polverini, P. J., Kunkel, S. L., Harlow, L. A., DiPietro, L. A., Elner, V. M., ... & Strieter, R. M. (1992). Interleukin-8 as a macrophage-derived mediator of angiogenesis. Science, 258(5089), 1798-1801.
Hoffmann, E., Dittrich-Breiholz, O., Holtmann, H., & Kracht, M. (2002). Multiple control of interleukin-8 gene expression. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 72(5), 847-855.
Holmes WE, Lee J, Kuang WJ, Rice GC, Wood WI. Structure and functional expression of a human interleukin-8 receptor. Science. 1991 Sep 13;253(5025):1278-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1840701. PMID: 1840701. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1840701/
Qazi, B. S., Tang, K., & Qazi, A. (2011). Recent advances in underlying pathologies provide insight into interleukin-8 expression-mediated inflammation and angiogenesis. International Journal of Inflammation, 2011, 908468.
Brat DJ, Bellail AC, Van Meir EG. The role of interleukin-8 and its receptors in gliomagenesis and tumoral angiogenesis. Neuro Oncol. 2005 Apr;7(2):122-33. doi: 10.1215/S1152851704001061. PMID: 15831231; PMCID: PMC1871893. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1871893/
Bickel M. The role of interleukin-8 in inflammation and mechanisms of regulation. J Periodontol. 1993 May;64(5 Suppl):456-60. PMID: 8315568. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8315568/
Cesta MC, Zippoli M, Marsiglia C, Gavioli EM, Mantelli F, Allegretti M, Balk RA. The Role of Interleukin-8 in Lung Inflammation and Injury: Implications for the Management of COVID-19 and Hyperinflammatory Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jan 12;12:808797. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.808797. PMID: 35095519; PMCID: PMC8790527. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.808797/full
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Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent pro-inflammatory chemokine primarily produced by macrophages, but also by other cell types including epithelial and endothelial cells. It plays a crucial role in the immune response by attracting and activating neutrophils, basophils, and T-cells, though it has minimal effect on monocytes. IL-8 functions through binding to CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors on target cells.
Elevated IL-8 concentrations are observed in various inflammatory conditions:
While IL-8 itself doesn't directly cause symptoms, conditions associated with its elevation may present:
Managing elevated IL-8 involves addressing the underlying condition:
IL-8 levels can serve as a biomarker for disease severity or progression, particularly in chronic inflammatory conditions and certain cancers. Monitoring IL-8 may help in assessing treatment efficacy and predicting outcomes.In conclusion, IL-8 is a significant marker and mediator of inflammation with diverse implications across multiple diseases. Its elevated presence warrants further investigation and may guide treatment strategies in various inflammatory and neoplastic conditions.
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Unlimited Plan Member since 2021
I have been using Healthmatters.io since 2021. I travel all over the world and use different doctors and health facilities. This site has allowed me to consolidate all my various test results over 14 years in one place. And every doctor that I show this to has been impressed. Because with any health professional I talk to, I can pull up historical results in seconds. It is invaluable. Even going back to the same doctor, they usually do not have the historical results from their facility in a graph format. That has been very helpful.
Karin
Advanced Plan Member since 2020
What fantastic service and great, easy-to-follow layouts! I love your website; it makes it so helpful to see patterns in my health data. It's truly a pleasure to use. I only wish the NHS was as organized and quick as Healthmatters.io. You've set a new standard for health tracking!
Paul
Healthmatters Pro Member since 2024
As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
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Interferon Gamma, Serum, Interleukin 1 Beta, Serum, Interleukin 10, Serum, Interleukin 12, Serum, Interleukin 13, Serum, Interleukin 17, Serum, Interleukin 2 Receptor, Soluble, Serum, Interleukin 2, Serum, Interleukin 4, Serum, Interleukin 5, Serum, Interleukin 6, Serum, Interleukin 8, Serum, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Serum
