A herpes IgM (immunoglobulin M) test is a blood test that can detect early herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Herpes IgM is one of the first types of antibody that appears after infection, so this blood test is the earliest one that can be used to detect herpes.
HSV is a contagious condition that causes sores around the mouth or genitals.
The IgM test does not detect herpes directly. Instead, it looks for IgM, a type of antibody. This is a protein produced by the immune system in response to a herpes infection.
The herpes IgM antibodies can take up to 10 days to develop after a primary infection with the virus.
How to interpret the results?
Results of a herpes IgM test are usually reported as positive, negative, or equivocal.
A positive test result means that herpes IgM was detected in the sample.
A negative result means that no IgM was detected.
An equivocal test result means that the test was unable to determine whether or not there was an antibody present.
Herpes IgM levels tend to go up early in an infection, and levels often go down with time. This means a positive herpes IgM result is most often associated with a new infection. However, individuals with recurrent herpes infections may also have positive herpes IgM blood results.
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