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Infectious Disease Profile

Hep B Core Ab, Tot

Reference range:

Hep B Core Ab, Tot [aka Total antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc)] appears at the onset of symptoms in acute hepatitis B, is a measure of both IgM and IgG, and persists for life. The presence of total anti-HBc indicates previous or ongoing infection with hepatitis B virus in an undefined time frame. People who have immunity to hepatitis B from a vaccine do not develop anti-HBc.

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Hepatitis B serologic testing involves measurement of several hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific antigens and antibodies. Different serologic “markers” or combinations of markers are used to identify different phases of HBV infection and to determine whether a patient has acute or chronic HBV infection, is immune to HBV as a result of prior infection or vaccination, or is susceptible to infection.

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg):
A protein on the surface of hepatitis B virus that can be detected in high levels in serum during acute or chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The presence of HBsAg indicates that the person is infectious, except when it might be transiently positive within 30 days after a dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB). The body normally produces antibodies to HBsAg as part of the normal immune response to infection. HBsAg is the antigen used to make HepB vaccine.

Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs):
The presence of anti-HBs is generally interpreted as indicating recovery and immunity from hepatitis B virus infection. Anti-HBs also develops in a person who has been successfully vaccinated against hepatitis B. Among vaccine responders who completed a vaccine series, anti-HBs levels can decline over time, however the majority are still immune and will mount a response when exposed to HBV.

Total antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc):
Appears at the onset of symptoms in acute hepatitis B, is a measure of both IgM and IgG, and persists for life. The presence of total anti-HBc indicates previous or ongoing infection with hepatitis B virus in an undefined time frame. People who have immunity to hepatitis B from a vaccine do not develop anti-HBc.

IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc):
Positivity indicates recent infection with hepatitis B virus (<6 mos). Its presence indicates acute infection. IgM anti-HBc should be ordered only when acute HBV infection is a concern.

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Test and Result Interpretation Action
HBsAg—Positive
Total anti-HBc — Positive
IgM anti-HBc — Positive
Anti-HBs — Negative		 Acute infection Link to hepatitis B care
HBsAg — Positive
Total anti-HBc — Positive
IgM anti-HBc — Negative1
Anti-HBs — Negative		 Chronic Infection Link to hepatitis B care
HBsAg — Negative
Total anti-HBc — Positive
Anti-HBs — Positive		 Resolved Infection Counsel about HBV infection reactivation risk
HBsAg — Negative
Total anti-HBc — Negative
Anti-HBs — Positive2		 Immune from receipt of prior vaccination (if documented complete series) If no documentation of full vaccination, then complete vaccine series per ACIP recommendations.
HBsAg — Negative
Total anti-HBc — Positive
Anti-HBs — Negative		 Only core antibody is positive. See possible interpretations and corresponding actions:
Resolved infection where anti-HBs levels have waned Counsel about HBV infection reactivation risk
Occult Infection Link to hepatitis B care
Passive transfer of anti-HBc to an infant born to an HBsAg-positive gestational parent No action
A false positive, thus patient is susceptible Offer HepB vaccine per Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
A mutant HBsAg strain that is not detectable by laboratory assay Link to hepatitis B care
HBsAg — Negative
Total anti-HBc — Negative
Anti-HBs — Negative3		 Susceptible, never infected (if no documentation of HepB vaccine series completion) Offer HepB vaccine per ACIP recommendations

1 IgM anti-HBc also might be positive in persons with chronic infection during severe HBV infection flares or reactivation.

2 Immune if anti-HBs concentration is >10 mIU/mL after vaccine series completion.

3 Anti-HBs concentrations might wane over time among vaccine responders. People with a documented, complete HepB vaccine series typically do not need to be revaccinated, except for special populations like patients on hemodialysis or health care personnel.

References:

https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/interpretationOfHepBSerologicResults.htm

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