Gamma-tocopherol is part of the Vitamin E classification group.
The term vitamin E refers to a group of eight naturally occurring compounds, all with different potencies:
– alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol and
– alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienol.
– Gamma-tocopherol is the major form of vitamin E in corn and soybean oils that are a major staple of the American diet. Gamma-tocopherol is low in other oils such as sunflower and olive oil that are more prevalent in European diets.
– The average serum concentrations of Alpha-tocopherol are similar among European and US populations, while serum Gamma-tocopherol levels in United States are 2- to 6-foldhigher than levels in Europeans.
Although alpha-tocopherol is the major component in foods and human tissue, the beta, delta and gamma isomers are sometimes included in profiles to show detail of tissue composition.
– One interesting fact about vitamin E is that supplementation with alpha-tocopherol decreases plasma and tissue stores of gamma-tocopherol.
More details on Vitamin E:
– Vitamin E is transported in plasma in the lipoproteins and it serves as the most important membrane protective antioxidant and free radical scavenger in the body.
– Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that has antioxidant properties.
– Vitamin E functions as a chain-breaking antioxidant that prevents the propagation of lipid per-oxidation.
– Alpha-tocopherol and CoQ10 are the primary fat-soluble antioxidants in cell membranes and lipoproteins.
– Vitamin E protects polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) within membrane phospholipids and in plasma lipoproteins.
– Peroxyl radicals react with vitamin E one thousand times more rapidly than they do with PUFA.
– Vitamin E is transported in plasma in lipoproteins and serves as the most important membrane protective antioxidant and free radical scavenger in the body.
– Experimental vitamin E deficiency is difficult to produce in humans because of the intricate system of checks and balances in the antioxidant cascade. Although symptoms of mild to moderate vitamin E deficiency are subtle, many clinical effects are well documented.
– In general, lipid peroxidation markers are elevated during vitamin E depletion and their levels can be normalized upon vitamin E repletion. However, these markers are not necessarily specific to vitamin E, since changes in intake of other antioxidants can also change the levels of these markers.
– Since patients with hypertriglyceridemia have elevated levels of lipoproteins, vitamin E concentrations also tend to rise, leading to overestimation of vitamin E total body status.
– Vitamin E absorption from the intestinal lumen is dependent upon biliary and pancreatic secretions, micelle formation, uptake into enterocytes, and chylomicron secretion. Defects at any step lead to impaired absorption.
| Foods rich in vitamin E | |||
| Food Source | Serving Size | Alpha-tocopherol (mg) | Gamma-tocopherol (mg) |
| Walnuts (English) | 1/4 cup | 0.21 | 6.09 |
| Sunflower seeds (oil-roasted) | 1/4 cup | 12.25 | 0.15 |
| Pecans (oil-roasted) | 1/4 cup | 0.70 | 6.66 |
| Almonds (oil-roasted) | 1/4 cup | 10.19 | 0.35 |
| Chunky peanut butter | 2 tbsp. | 2.02 | 2.55 |
References:
– http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24184873
– http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24629024
– http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26272221
– http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299740
– https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19003577
– https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0093044
– https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3998871?dopt=Abstract
– https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14519797?dopt=Abstract
– https://www.newhope.com/ingredients/vitamin-e-alpha-or-gamma
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– Elevated plasma gamma-tocopherol and decreased alpha-tocopherol in men are associated with inflammatory markers and decreased plasma 25-OH vitamin D.
– Research, published in the journal Respiratory Research, found that gamma tocopherol, the kind in corn, canola and soybean oils, was linked to poor lung function in adults.
– Higher incidences of asthma were associated with higher blood levels of gamma tocopherol.
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– Deficiency may occur with malabsorption, cholestyramine, colestipol, isoniazid, orlistat, olestra and certain anti-convulsants (e.g., phenobarbital, phenytoin).
– Deficiency may result in peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, muscle weakness, retinopathy, and increased risk of CVD, prostate cancer and cataracts.
– Food sources include oils (olive, soy, corn, canola, safflower, sunflower), nuts, seeds, spinach, carrots, avocado, dark leafy greens and wheat germ.
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I have been using Healthmatters.io since 2021. I travel all over the world and use different doctors and health facilities. This site has allowed me to consolidate all my various test results over 14 years in one place. And every doctor that I show this to has been impressed. Because with any health professional I talk to, I can pull up historical results in seconds. It is invaluable. Even going back to the same doctor, they usually do not have the historical results from their facility in a graph format. That has been very helpful.
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As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
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