Citrobacter freundii
Citrobacter spp., a gram-negative bacterium and member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is considered dysbiotic at 3+ or greater.
Citrobacter freundii complex (including C. freundii, C. braakii, C. gullenii, C. murliniae, rodentium, C. wermanii, C. youngae, C. koseri and C. farmeri, can cause diarrheal disease.
Symptoms are the result of an E. coli-like heat-stable enterotoxin and hydrogen sulfide.
Citrobacter freundii complex has been implicated as a cause of gastrointestinal infection and inflammation, acute dysentery, and dyspepsia.
Acute symptoms can include profuse, watery diarrhea without abdominal pain, fecal blood, or white blood cells.
Citrobacter spp. thrive on fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a common ingredient in artificial or alternative sweetener.
Antibiotics may be indicated if symptoms are prolonged.
What does it mean if your Citrobacter freundii result is too high?
Elevated levels of Citrobacter freundii in a GI panel can indicate an overgrowth of this bacterium in the gut. While C. freundii is a part of the normal gut flora, in larger quantities, it can become problematic, particularly for individuals with compromised immune systems. This overgrowth might contribute to gut dysbiosis, potentially leading to gastrointestinal disturbances or infections. Elevated levels of C. freundii often call for a closer examination of gut health and might necessitate medical intervention, especially if symptomatic infections occur. Treatment strategies usually include addressing the underlying causes, such as dietary changes, probiotics, and in some cases, antibiotics, under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
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