Citrinin (CTN)

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Citrinin (CTN) is a mycotoxin that can be detected in a urine test, and its presence often signifies potential exposure to this fungal toxin. Citrinin is primarily produced by various species of molds, particularly Penicillium and Aspergillus, commonly found in food products, such as grains, cereals, and fermented foods like cheese and soy sauce.

When individuals consume or come into contact with citrinin-contaminated foods, the toxin can be absorbed by the body and eventually excreted in the urine. Elevated levels of citrinin in urine can be concerning as this mycotoxin is known to have toxic properties and has been associated with potential health risks. It has been implicated in kidney toxicity, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. Therefore, the detection of citrinin in a urine test serves as an important biomarker for assessing exposure and the potential associated health risks.

Preventative measures, such as proper food storage and the avoidance of moldy or spoiled food items, are crucial for reducing the risk of citrinin exposure. If elevated citrinin levels are detected, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance on addressing potential health concerns related to mycotoxin exposure.

What does it mean if your Citrinin (CTN) result is too high?

To treat possible fungal infections caused by mold exposure patients can take pharmaceutical medications such as itraconazole or nystatin. Retesting is recommended after 3-6 months of treatment.

How to avoid exposure to Citrinin (Dihydrocitrinone DHC)?

Treatment of Citrinin requires a reduction in exposure to the toxin.

- Carefully inspect whole grains and nuts for evidence of mould, and discard any that look mouldy, discoloured, or shriveled.

- Buy grains and nuts as fresh as possible; that have been grown as close to home as possible, and which have not been transported over a long time.

- Buy only reputable brands of nuts and nut butters – moulds are not entirely killed by processing or roasting, so can show up in products e.g. peanut butter.

- Make sure that foods are stored properly and are not kept for extended periods of time before being used.

- Try to ensure your diet is diverse; this not only helps to mitigate aflatoxin exposure, but also improves health and nutrition. Consumers who lack dietary diversity need to pay extra attention to minimize the risk of high exposure to aflatoxins. For example, extensive aflatoxin exposure has been reported from areas where people get a major part of their daily calorie intake from maize; this foodstuff is commonly contaminated with aflatoxins and needs to be handled properly both before and after harvest.

However, this is not considering the mycotoxins that might be produced from water-damaged buildings – really the most common cause of mould illness. 

How to potentially help the body to remove Citrinin:

- Activated charcoal

- Anti-fungals such as oregano oil

- Probiotics

- Liposomal glutathione

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