Chromium is ubiquitous in foods at low low concentrations. Derived from processing of food with stainless steel equipment. Also present in tobacco smoke, chrome, plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanning, and wood preserving and is deposited into air, water, and soil.
Blood distribution of chromium appears to be equally divided between plasma and RBCs, whole blood chromium the sample type for total chromium measurement. Chromium (VI) is more concentrated in the RBCs, while chromium (III) does not enter the RBCs. Therefore, it is possible to distinguish sources and types of exposure to indicate toxic (Cr VI) exposure versus benign (Cr III) by measuring RBC chromium. Chromium rapidly clears from the blood and measurements relate to recent exposure. Urinary chromium excretion reflects absorption of the previous one to two days.
Chromium is often given as a supplement to treat glucose intolerance by improving insulin sensitivity.
→ There is debate as to whether chromium is an essential trace element.
→ Hip prosthesis, bearing surfaces are made from cobalt and other materials, including chromium.
→ Welding produces fumes that may contain chromium and other metals (Mn, As, Fe, Ni).
→ Dietary chromium absorption is low.
→ Chromium is bound to the protein transferring in the bloodstream.
→ Conditions that increase circulating glucose and insulin increase urinary chromium output.
Symptoms of imbalance:
Currently, no symptoms of chromium deficiency exist. Compounds containing hexavalent chromium (chromium VI) are mutagenic and carcinogenic in large quantities. No adverse effects have been associated with trivalent chromium (chromium III), the form and food and supplements. Inhaled chromium may cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose, ulcers, runny nose, and breathing proble, asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Dermal contact with chromium, make her skin, ulcers, redness, and swelling. Ingested, chromium and brackets in animals may cause irritation, and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine and anemia.
The FDA recommends testing chromium in whole blood in patients with metal on metal hip implants who have symptoms. These symptoms may include localized pain due to damage bone and/or tissue surrounding the implant and joint.
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